句子成分和非谓语动词Word文档格式.docx

1、Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式）It is reported that 5000 people were killed in the earthquake. （it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的主语从

2、句）二、谓语: 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:He practices running every morning. （动词或动词短语）You may keep the book for two weeks. （情态动词+V原）He has caught a bad cold. （助动词+V）We are students. （系动词+表语）三、表语: 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、

3、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。Our teacher of English is an American. （名词）Is it yours? （代词）The weather has turned cold. （形容词）The speech is exciting. （分词）Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）His job is to teach English. （不定式）His hobby （爱好） is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order. （介词短语）T

4、ime is up. The class is over. （副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句）四、宾语: 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者, 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。They went to see an exhibition（展览） yesterday. （名词）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. （数词）They helped the

5、old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me. （不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词短语）I think （that） he is not suitable for this post. （宾语从句）Lend me（间接宾语） your dictionary（直接宾语）, please. （双宾语） They elected him（宾语） their monitor（宾补）. （复合宾语） 五、宾语补足语: 英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接

6、宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般是某些及物动词 （如see /watch/ observe/ notice/ hear/ feel/ make/ find/ name/ call/ elect/ have/ get/leave/ keep等+宾语+宾补）和with+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。His father named him Dongming. （名词）They painted their boat white. （形容词）Let the fresh air in. （副词）You mustnt fo

7、rce him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语）We saw her entering the room. （现在分词）I have to have my hair cut.（过去分词）We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now. （从句）六、定语: 修饰名词或代词。Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词）China is a developing country; Americ

8、a is a developed country. （分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school. （名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （代词）Our monitor is always the first to get to the school. （不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn Eng

9、lish. （介词短语）The building being repaired is our library. （现在分词短语）The building completed last month is our library. （过去分词短语）The news that you told me yesterday is really exciting.（从句）七、状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）

10、He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room, making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下:How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall

11、 go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She wo

12、rks very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）八、同位语: 解释说明前面另一个名词或代词Im Li Hua, president of Students Union of our university. （名词短语）Mr Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. （名词短语）We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. （名词短语）The news that he passed the driving test sur

13、prised us. （从句） 不定式 （do/to do）非谓语动词 分词（现在分词doing, 过去分词done） 动名词（doing）考点1 非谓语动词作状语1. 不定式作状语 功能 用法原因状语 多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后 目的状语 可与so as to/in order to替换, 但so as to一般不可置于句首 结果状语 常表示意想不到的结果, 常用only to do I was satisfied to hear the news. （原因状语）To meet the movie star I got up very early. （目的状语）I rushed

14、 to school only to find nobody was there. （结果状语）不定式表结果的固定结构:only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such as to. . . ;. . . enough（for sb. ）to. . . He was too scared to say a word.The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.I was lucky enough to be employed（雇佣） as a secretary（秘书）.2. 分词作状语 功能现在分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果等 现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系, 且含有进行之意 过去分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随等 过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动