1、考研英语一真题及解析2015年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. Th
2、at is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has_(2)_. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique subjects which _(4)_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same peopl
3、e were used in both_(5)_. While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.” The study_(9)_found that the ge
4、nes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)
5、_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with
6、 social environment being a major_(17)_factor. The findings do not simply explain peoples_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strang
7、ers, were taken from the same population. 1. A when B why C how D what 【答案】D what 【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点,可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导从句;再根据句子的内容,可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what),不是指研究的时间(when), 原因(why)和方式(how),因此,该题的答案为what。 2. A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised 【答案】B concluded 【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出,that
8、 is_ 中的that是指第一句话的内容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性),很显然是研究得出的结论。因此,答案为concluded。 3. A for B with C on D by 【答案】C on 【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容(研究对1932分独特的受试者进行分析)判断出进行分析的对象是1932 unique subjects。conduct analysis on是固定表达。 4. A compared B sought C separated D connected 【答案】A compared 【解析】该空格所在的句子是which 引导的定语从句修饰study,意思是:对几对基因不相关
9、的朋友和陌生人进行_。因为“研究”的内容是关于朋友间基因上的相关性问题,所以完整的意思应该是:对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行比较。所以最佳答案为compared。 5. A tests B objects Csamples D examples 【答案】C samples 【解析】根据空格的前后内容判断,到第五个空为止,文章都在讲实验过程,和实验对象,第五个空格所在句子的内容是:相同的人们都用于实验中的这两类_。所以根据上下文语境和内容,应该选与实验对象相对应的samples(样例).因此,答案是samples。 6. A insignificant B unexpected Cunbel
10、ievable D incredible 【答案】A insignificant 【解析】空的语境为:尽管这1%看起来似乎_,但是遗传学家可不这么认为。空前后形成对比转折的逻辑关系,而从后文列举的例子中可知遗传学家James Fowler对这1%基因的态度是肯定的,故答案为A。 7. A visit B miss C seek D know 【答案】D know 【解析】空的语境为:大多数人甚至不_他们隔三代的表亲,但却设法选择那些_我们亲戚的人作为朋友。填入的词必须满足前后句之间的转折逻辑关系,四个选项带入,只有D选项符合上下文语义。 8. A resemble B influence C
11、favor D surpass 【答案】A resemble 【解析】空的语境为:大多数人甚至不认识他们隔三代的表亲,但却设法选择那些_我们亲戚的人作为朋友。根据全文中心:基因上的相似性,可知本题选择A。 9. A again B also C instead D thus 【答案】B also 【解析】空所在的句子开头用“The study”,显然这是对上文话题的继续阐述,前文指出研究发现朋友与我们有1%的基因关系,而空所在句“the genes for smell were something shared in friends”在进一 。B步详细讨论该话题,前后之间是顺接关系,故答案为1
12、0. A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps 【答案】D Perhaps 【解析】从选项和文字中句子结构可以判断,空格处要求填入一个能够体现前后两个句子逻辑关系的副词,空前的句子谈到“为什么在嗅觉基因方面存在相似性还很难解释”,空后却紧接着对此得出一个相关结论,很明显是矛盾的,所以此结论只能是一种不确定的推测,故答案为D。 11. A about B to Cfrom Dlike 【答案】B to 【解析】该题为介词选择题。后半句出现比较级,可见是和前文形成比较关系,因此和上半句介词保持一致,用介词to。该句翻译:它(这种相似性)吸引我们到
13、相同的环境,并且使我们更为相似。因此答案为to。 12. A drive B observe C confuse Dlimit 【答案】A drive 【解析】该句意思为:很多机制共同作用,从而_我们选择基因相似的朋友,_和_交朋友的“功能关系”。根据上下文可知,此处所填入动词需符合结构_sb. in doing sth,B选项observe(观察,遵守)和C选项confuse(困惑)均无此用法。符合该结构只有A选项drive(驱使)和D选项limit(限制)。根据上下文可得知:这些机制驱使我们选择基因相似的朋友,符合文章主题。如果选限制则为反向干扰。因此答案为drive。 13. A acc
14、ording to B rather than C regardless of D along with 【答案】B rather than 【解析】所填词为逻辑关系短语,空前说选择基因相似的朋友,空后说具有“实用关系”的朋友,可知前后为对立关系,并且根据文章主题,可知肯定前者而否定后者,可锁定B选项rather than。A选项according to(根据)没有体现出对立及取舍关系,因此排除;C选项regardless of(不管)表让步关系,干扰性较强,但文章更强调取前舍后,因此排除;D选项along with(伴随)表顺接,故排除。故答案为rather than。 14. A chan
15、ces Bresponses Cmissions Dbenefits 【答案】D benefits 【解析】根据前文functional kinship(实用关系)可得出D选项benefits(利益),前后形成呼应。A选项chances(机会)、B选项responses(反应)、C选项missions(使命)均不符合题意。故答案为benefits。 15. A later Bslower C faster D earlier 【答案】C faster 【解析】该句为:evolving _ than other genes(比其他基因进化得_). 根据同词复现,我们找到该段第二句话中:human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years(人类进化在过去30000年 。faster形成呼应,故答案为)加速picked pace(与下文faster选项C 。)间提速16. Aforecast Bremember Cunde
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