高中英语最实用语法一般过去时现在完成时将来完成时讲解和经典习题Word文件下载.docx

1、主现从、主过从5. 表示已去世者的情况或过去的历史。II. 现在完成时1 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词（done）二 句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.（肯定） No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.（否定）三用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（含义是:现在我没有钱花了.）Guo zijun has （just/already） com

2、e. （含义：郭子君现在在这儿）My father has gone to work.（含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿）（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+ago主句（现在完成时）since+从句（一般过去时）主完从过It is/ has been +时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here sinc

3、e 1998.It is + 第几次（the first time）that + 句子（现在完成时）四 has gone （to）,has been （to）, has been （in） 的区别Have/Has gone（to） :去了（现在不在说话现场）Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to） :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai fo

4、r two months. /since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。already 与yet的区别：句型 在句中的位置* 以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.

5、 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。* 以动作发生的次数为标志,once,twice,three times,several timesHe says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以so far = by now（到目前为止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到

6、现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。* for+时段since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志注意：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变为延续性动词buy-have、 borrow -keep、 come/arrive/reach/get to-be in、 go out-be out、 leave -be awaybegin-be on、 finish-be over、 open-be open、 close -be closed、

7、die-be dead与现在有关的过去点时间 recently,lately,already,yet,before,still 六. 注意：1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等;2）不能与when连用3） 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用7总结现在完成时的时间状语 1与现在有关的过去点时间 recently,lately,already,yet,before,still 2与现在有关的频度时间 ever,never,once,twice,three times,several times, of

8、ten,seldom,always,time and time again 3与过去有关的现在点时间 just,now,today,tonight,this week,this year this morning,this afternoon,this evening, this month,this May,this October,this November1若想强调动作从何时开始（ever）since 2若想强调动作持续了多久for（a day,several months,many years,how long） for（ two hours, six months, quite a

9、long time） 3若想强调整体的时间all （morning,night,day,year,these years,my life）all（the while,these days,these ten days） 4若想强调与过去有关到现在的一段时间up to now,up to the present,till now,until now, so far, by nowin the last few years,in the past 30 years ,these days,these weeks,these yearsIII. 过去完成时过去完成时: had done一基本用法1.

10、 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时必须有过去的另一时间作参照，是否表达“过去的过去”经常要根据上下文来判断。2. 表示愿望、打算类的词，如hope、expect、mean、intend、want、think等，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图等。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.二过去完成时的句型1. 主语+过去完成时+when引导的从句（过去式）2. 主语+过去完成时+by+过去的时间点/ by the end of + 过去的时间点3. 主语+过去完成时+by the time 引导的从句（过去式）4. 主语+过去完成时+befor

11、e引导的从句（过去式）/before+过去的时间点5. no sooner+ 主句（过去完成时）than+从句（一般过去时）= hardly （scarcely）+ 主句（过去完成时）when+从句（一般过去时）： “一就”no sooner/ hardly/ scarcely位于句首时，主句要倒装No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.Hardly had we gotten there when it began to rain.6. It was + 时间段 + since + 从句（过去完成时）7. It was + 第几次

12、（the first time）that + 句子（过去完成时）三过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。过去完成时表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。IV. 将来完成时 shall/ will have done一 构成形式第一人称：will/ shall have done其他人称：will have done二用法：将来完成时表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作三将来完成时的句型主语+ 将来完成时 + before/ by/ by the end of +

13、将来时间主语+ 将来完成时 + before/ by the time + 从句（一般现在时）课堂练习（2011-高考北京卷）That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it us a whole week to get there.A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was takingBob has gone to California.Oh, can you tell me when he ?A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leaveThe fact that so ma

14、ny people still smoke in public places that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggestingWhat a mistake!Yes. I his doing it another way, but without success.A. was suggesting B. will suggest C. would suggest D. had suggestedBy the end of this year, I enough