1、 注意:在seem,appear等词后,可加其他非tobe不定式,但这时他们不是系动词,而是不及物动词。Courtesy,politeness,goodmanner?Callitwhatyouwill,thesupplyneverseemstoequalthedemand. 非人称代词it 做句子的形式主语 1.代表不定式 E.g.Itisabsurdtobeafraidundersuchcircumstances.2.代表动名词 E.g.ItisterribletryingtokeepupwiththeJones.3.代表that引导的从句 E.g.Itisplaintoeveryoneth
2、atshewasoffended.4.代表wh-引导的从句 E.g.Aslongashefinisheshiswork,itdoesntmatterwhenhecomestotheoffice.做句子的形式宾语 1.代表不定式 E.g.Theyfounditdifficulttogetalongwithhim.2.代表从句 E.g.Ithinkitbestthatyou(should)staywithme.E.g.Hesoonmadeitclearwhyhehadaskedaconference.用来改变句子结构,使句子某一成分得到强调1.强调主语 E.g.Itwasshewhoputforw
3、ardthesuggestion.2.强调宾语 E.g.itisthatpaintingthathehassoldatagoodprofit.3.强调状语 E.g.itwasthroughmethathehasgotthepresentjob. 强调 用so表示强调 用so强调听者同意说者所言,这种用法只将so提到句首,其他成分位置不变。E.g.youhavespilledcoffeeonyourdress.-SoIhave.情态动词+完成式 could+have+过去分词 有时表示过去的时间,说明某事可能已发生,有时也表示与事实相反,表示本来有能力做某事,但却未做。E.g.Whathappe
4、nedintheairportcouldhavebeentrue.might/may+have+过去分词表示对已经发生的情况进行揣测,但语气相当不肯定,表示近乎未实现的行为.E.g.Youmighthavedonetheworkbetter.must+have+过去分词 是对发生在过去的一种行为的推测,表示过去必定发生过的事情,语气相当肯定,表示“肯定,一定”。E.g.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.should/oughtto+have+过去分词表示该做而未做到的事,表示“本应” 。E.g.Theyshouldhavemadeagoodjob
5、ofit.shouldnot/oughtntto+have+过去分词表示做了不该做的事,表示“本不应该” 。E.g.Youshouldnothavedonesuchthings.cant(couldnt)+have+过去分词 表示对过去的动作进行否定性推测。意为“肯定没有,肯定不是”。E.g.Thepoemcanthavebeenwrittenbythelittlegirl;sheisonlyfour.would+have+过去分词 经常用于虚拟条件句中,表示与过去事实相反的猜测。E.g.Ifshehadknownaboutit,shewouldhavetalkedaboutit.neednt
6、+have+过去分词 表示不必做的事情却做了,可译为“原本不必”“其实不必”。E.g.Youneednthavedoneallthesecalculations.Wehaveacomputertodealwiththatsortofthing. 主谓一致 知识点一manya,morethanone+单数名词,谓语仍然用单数。E.g.Manyasoldierhassacrificedhislifefortherevolution.知识点二eitherof+复数名词,谓语动词用单数E.g.Haseitherofyourparentsvisitedyou?知识点三and;bothand 连接两个单数
7、形式的名词词组,谓语动词用复数当主语在意义上指同一人,同一物或同一概念时,谓语用单数 E.g.Aboyandagirlwanttogo. 知识点四eachandeach;everyandevery等结构后,谓语用单数E.g.Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp. 知识点五主语后面有aswellas;togetherwith;alongwith;ratherthan等词组,谓语的单复数有主语来决定E.g.I,togetherwithmymother,wasreadingattenyesterday.oneof复数名词关系分句结构 如先行词为复数名词,谓语则为复数当
8、前面有theonly/very等限定词修饰,谓语用单数E.g.Joanisoneofthosepeoplewhogooutoftheirwaytobehelpful.靠近原则:由notonly.butalso,either.or,neither.nor或or连接的并列主语。通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。E.g.Heoryouhavetakenmypen. 由“anumberof,atotalof+复数名词”作主语 谓语动词用复数形式;由“thenumberof,thetotalof+复数名词”,谓语动词用单数形式。E.g.Anumberofst
9、udentsarewaitingforthebus. 倒装句带有neither,nor,nomore的句子倒装 代词neither,nor,nomore用于后面分句句首,且前面分句必须是否定句,这时后面分句不仅用倒装结构,而且时态(包括助动词)必须和前句一致。so被用作句首的分句前面必须是肯定句。E.g.Sheneverlaughed,nordidsheeverlosehertemper. 知识点二虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时,were,had和should要移至主语之前。E.g.HadIknownit,Ishouldhavetoldhim. 句首为否定词和带有否定意义的词或短语作状语或宾语
10、时,常用部分倒装。常用于这一结构的词语有:little,nowhere,rarely,scarcely,seldom,few,hardly,never,undernocircumstances,onnoaccount,innoway,atnopoint,atnotime,innosense,atno/othertime,bynomeans,barely/hardly/scarcelywhen,notuntilmuch/even/stillless,nolonger,notasingleword,notoften,等。带only的句子的倒装only位于句子开头,如果修饰介词短语或状语从句,那么句
11、子应倒装。E.g.Onlybyshoutingatthetopofhisvoicewasheablemakehimselfheard. Only引导的从句位于句首,主语应倒装. E.g.Onlywhenshecamehomedidhelearnthenews. so/suchthat结构中的so放在句首时,需要倒装。E.g.Soabsurddidhelookthateveryonestaredathim.E.g.Suchagoodstudentwasshethatalltheteacherslikedher. 在as引导的让步状语从句中形容词、名词或副词常移至从句之首,起强调作用。E.g.Ti
12、redashewas,wedecidednottodisturbhim. E.g.Childasthelittlegirlis,sheknowsseveralforeignlanguages. 句首为manyatime,tosuchanextent,tosuchadegree,tosuchapoint等状语时,句子需要部分倒装。E.g.Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldntgotosleepthatnight.在某些表示祝愿的句子中使用倒装。E.g.Mayyoulivealongandhappylife!介词词组放在句首 E.g.Infrontofthehousestandsatree. 强调句型 强调句:Itis/was+被强调部分wh
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