同等学力申硕英语语法专项复习word打印版讲课讲稿Word文档格式.docx

1、例如：Several hundred police were on duty at the demonstration yesterday.Cattle are allowed to graze on the village common.2. 不可数名词：通常是物质名词或者抽象名词，其前可以不加任何东西，若有特指，可以加the.前面可以加上单位词，进行分类：常见单位词：a piece of +advice/bread/cloth/fortune/information/music/musea bit of、an item of、an article of（clothing）不可数名词列举：a

2、dvice homework luggage rain soap baggage importance machinery recognition snow cash information mail research traffic clothing jewelry money scenery violence damage knowledge music water equipment laughter news wind furniture leisure peace work 3. 可数名词和不可数名词表示数量的表达法不同，应该特别注意以下的区别：常用数量表达法可数名词不可数名词a/a

3、n, one, two, three anotherfewa few fewer a/the number ofmany severala lot of some anynoeacheveryallother little a little less amount of much4. 名词在翻译中遇到的问题：（1）不可数名词和可数名词间的转换形式：waterwaters（水域、海洋） sandsands（沙滩）woodwoods（树林） ash和ashes（废墟） goods（商品）（2）名词表示特指时，可以加冠词不定冠词：a/an，通常表示一，但是不强调数目，翻译时注意；Germany is

4、 a European country.定冠词：表示特定或特指Is this the book that you are looking for?定冠词还可以使用于一些比较独特的语言现象：如指代地球或宇宙这种独一无二的事物the+名词：表示全部或者整体Do you know who invented the computer？用于乐器或专有名词前，如play the piano、the Thames第二节 代词代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词，等，详见下表。单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格I you he/she/it we

5、they 宾格me him/her/it us them 所有格myyourHis/her/ itsn物主代词形容词性your his/her/its our their 名词性mine yours his/hers ours theirs 反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 指示代词this, that these, those 相互代词each other one another 不定代词some, someone, something, somebody,any, anyon

6、e, anything, anybody,no, no one, nothing, nobody,all, both , one another, such, another, few, little, a few, a little, much, many, either, neither each, every, everybody, everyone ,everything,疑问代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which

7、关系代词who, whom, whose, what, which, as, that 二重要考点1. 物主代词形容词性物主代词：可加名词: my pictures 名词性物主代词：后面不能加名词。 eg: May I borrow your pen? Mine is missing.2. 反身代词：通过反身代词指代主语，使动作发出者把动作在形式上反射到发出者本人。强调人称问题。eg：I myself took Mary to the airport.I cooked it myself.3. it 的用法 （1）指代人，通常用于口语中；（2）书面语： it 用来指代时间、距离、温度、天气等I

8、ts three years since I saw him. it 用来前指或者后指Ive lost my book. Where is it？There is no doubt about it that he was a fine teacher. it 做形式主语Is it possible to learn typewriting very quickly？ it 做形式宾语，通常放在谓语动词和宾语补足语（形容词）之间，真正的宾语放在宾补之后。常见动词有：feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, think, suppos

9、e, regardShe thinks it no use telling me.He has made it clear that he wouldnt agree to the plan. it 用于强调句，构成句型Itsthat/who 如何区分强调句中的it和形式主语中的it？s clear that they have won.如果Its和that去掉后，剩下的部分依然能构成完整的句子，就是强调句；否则，即为形式主语。4. 不定代词之间的区别：（1）all、each 与every的区别all和every可以指代三个或三个以上的人或物；all可以表示所有东西的总和，是一个不可分割的整体

10、；each只能表示两个或两个以上的人，侧重个体；当each 在句中作主语、同位语或副词状语时，也不可用every 替换。 all和every侧重整体，each侧重个体；Every staff of the university contributed to the fund.Two girls came, and I gave an apple to each.（2）everyone与every one的区别everyone等同于everybody，all people ，指的是所有的人；Everyone thinks they have the right to be here.every

11、one既可以指人，也可以指物，强调一个个体，通常用every one of ；Every one of us has faults and shortcomings.Every one of the films we have shown this year has been a success.（3）none 与no one 的区别 none 表示“。之中没有一个”，一般是对两个以上的人或物进行否定。none后面还可以接of；none 可以代替单数或复数名词，谓语动词也有单数或复数，而且它既可指人，也可指物。no one 表示“一个也没有”，即not a single one 只代表单数名词，只能指人，谓语动词用单数。No one failed the examination.None of the students failed the examination.（4）both 与all 的区别both 用于指两个人或事物；all 用于指两个以上的人或物。both 与all 作