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1、Grinding and polishing are important steps in the production of decorative vitreous ceramic tiles. Different combinations of finishing wheels and polishing wheels are tested to optimize their selection. The results show that the surface glossiness depends not only on the surface quality before machi

2、ning, but also on the characteristics of the ceramic tiles as well as the performance of grinding and polishing wheels. The performance of the polishing wheel is the key for a good final surface quality. The surface glossiness after finishing must be above 208 in order to get higher polishing qualit

3、y because finishing will limit the maximum surface glossiness by polishing. The optimized combination of grinding and polishing wheels for all the steps will achieve shorter machining times and better surface quality. No obvious relationships are found between the hardness of ceramic tiles and surfa

4、ce quality or the wear of grinding wheels; therefore, the hardness of the ceramic tile cannot be used for evaluating its machinability.Key Words: Ceramic tiles; Grinding wheel; Polishing wheelINTRODUCTIONCeramic tiles are the common decoration material for floors and walls ofhotel, office, and famil

5、y buildings. Nowadays, polished vitreous ceramic tiles are more popular as decoration material than general vitreous ceramic tiles as they can401Copyright q 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. have a beautiful gloss on different colors. Grinding and polishing of ceramic tilesplay an important role in the su

6、rface quality, cost, and productivity of ceramic tilesmanufactured for decoration. The grinding and polishing of ceramic tiles arecarried out in one pass through polishing production line with many differentgrinding wheels or by multi passes on a polishing machine, where differentgrinding wheels are

7、 used.Most factories utilize the grinding methods similar to those used for stonemachining although the machining of stone is different from that of ceramic tiles.Vitreous ceramic tiles are thin, usually 58mm in thickness, and are a sinteredmaterial,which possess high hardness, wear resistance, and

8、brittleness. In general, thesintering process causes surface deformation in the tiles. In themachining process, theceramic tiles are unfixed and put on tables. These characteristics will cause easybreakage and lower surface quality if grinding wheel or grinding parameters areunsuitable. To meet the

9、needs of ceramic tiles machining, the machinery, grindingparameters （pressure, feed speed, etc.）, and grinding wheels （type and mesh size ofabrasive, bond, structure of grinding wheel, etc.） must be optimized.Previous works have been reported in the field of grinding ceramic andstone1 4. Only a few

10、reports have mentioned ceramic tile machining5 8, wherethe grinding mechanism of ceramic tiles by scratching and grinding was studied. Itwas pointed out that the grinding mechanism of ceramic tiles is similar to that ofother brittle materials. For vitreous ceramic tiles, removing the plastic deforma

11、tiongrooves, craters （pores）, and cracks are of major concern, which depends on themicro-structure of the ceramic tile, the choice of grinding wheel and processingparameters, etc. The residual cracks generated during sintering and rough grindingprocesses, as well as thermal impact cracks caused by t

12、he transformation of quartzcrystalline phases are the main reasons of tile breakage during processing. Surfaceroughness Ra and glossiness are different measurements of the surface quality. It issuggested that the surface roughness can be used to control the surface quality ofrough grinding and semi-

13、finish grinding processes, and the surface glossiness toassess the quality of finishing and polishing processes. The characteristics of thegrinding wheels, abrasive mesh size for the different machining steps, machiningtime, pressure, feed, and removing traces of grinding wheels will affect theproce

14、ssing of ceramic tiles9.In this paper, based on the study of grinding mechanisms of ceramic tiles, themanufacturing of grinding wheels is discussed. The actions and optimization ofgrinding and polishing wheels for each step are studied in particular for manualpolishingmachines.GRINDING AND POLISHING

15、 WHEELS FOR CERAMIC TILEMACHININGThe machining of ceramic tiles is a volume-production process that usessignificant numbers of grinding wheels. The grinding and polishing wheels forceramic tile machining are different from those for metals or structural ceramics.In this part, some results about grinding and polishing wheels are introduced forbetter understanding of the processing of ceramic tiles.Grinding and Polishing WheelsCeramic tiles machining in a manual-polishing machine can be divided intofour stepseach using different grinding