1、传授知识,提供不具备或者是不全面具备的新的科技内容,因而 着重文章的科学性、事实性和客观性,体现科学工作者的非主观的科学态度。,精品,Objectivity(客观性)试比较:描写大海(文学作品)Break,break,break,On thy cold grey stones,O sea!AndI wouldthatmytonguecould utterThe thought that arise in me.-A.Tennyson,精品,Objectivity(客观性),精品,试比较:描写大海(科技文章)A sea is smaller than an ocean,and may be mo
2、re or less landlocked.As,powerful agents of corrosion(,seawavescarryinggritty,侵蚀),sediment,(沉淀物)can cut into rock and wear down coastlines.,Main Features:,精品,Objectivity(客观性)Clarity(明确性)Accuracy(准确性)Formality(正式性),e.g.-in a couple of days-in two or three days,精品,Clarity(明确性)科技文章一般不用意义含糊、会引起 误解的词汇和表达
3、方式。Which one,is better?,Clarity(明确性),精品,在语法结构方面,科技文章里的句子一般 都结构比较严密,条理比较清楚,很少有结 构上模棱两可的情况。e.g.There are many problems concerning the projecttobediscussedatthemeeting.(可能产生歧义)-将在会上讨论的计划,是有很多问题的。-关于这计划,有许多问题要在会上讨论。,Clarity(明确性),精品,How to,rewrite?There are many problems concerning theprojecttobediscusse
4、datthemeeting.(可能产生歧义)-将在会上讨论的计划,是有很多问题的。Theprojecttobediscussedatthe meetinghas many problems in it.-关于这计划,有许多问题要在会上讨论。-The project has in it many problemsto be discussed at the meeting.,Main Features:,精品,Objectivity(客观性)Clarity(明确性)Accuracy(准确性)Formality(正式性),Accuracy(准确性),精品,科技文章要求内容准确、结构严密、概念清楚。
5、文字不必讲究华丽,但内容 必须表达无误,体现出科技文章的科学、严谨的性质。e.g.,-one fifth of the whole-a small part of the whole,Which one is better?,Main Features:,精品,Objectivity(客观性)Clarity(明确性)Accuracy(准确性)Formality(正式性),Formality(正式性)科技文章的科学、严谨的性质,以及 语言客观、明确、准确的特点,决定了 其正式的文体风格。e.g.正在改建中is under reconstructionis being reconstructedW
6、hich one is more formal?,精品,The Ways to Achieve Objectivity&Formality,精品,TheUseofNounsand,Noun,Phrases(使用名词和名词短语),ofPassiveVoice(使用被,ofAnticipatory,“it”(使用,TheUse动语态)TheUse先行词it),The Ways to Achieve Objectivity&Formality,精品,TheUseofNounsand,Noun,Phrases(使用名词和名词短语),ofPassiveVoice(使用被,ofAnticipatory,“
7、it”(使用,TheUse动语态)TheUse先行词it),The Use of Nouns and Noun PhrasesCf.,精品,-in case of the power interruption-in case the power is interrupted,Which one is better in an EST writing?,The Use of Nouns and Noun PhrasesCf.-Ifthepressureisdecreased,the boilingpointofwaterwillbecome lower.-A decrease in pressu
8、re will bring the boilingpoint of water lower.,Which one isbetter in an EST writing?精品,The Use of Nouns and Noun PhrasesCf.-Peopleareallfamiliarwithheat,Which one isbetter in an EST writing?精品,causing metals to expand.,-Peopleareallfamiliarwiththefact that heat causes metals to expand.,The Ways to A
9、chieve Objectivity&Formality,精品,TheUseofNounsand,Noun,Phrases(使用名词和名词短语),ofPassiveVoice(使用被,ofAnticipatory,“it”(使用,TheUse动语态)TheUse先行词it),The Use of Passive Voice,Cf.,-MadameCurieisoneofthe,worlds,greatest woman scientists and will alwaysberememberedasthediscovererof,radium.,-MadameCurieisoneofthewo
10、rlds greatest woman scientists andpeople will,always remember heras the discoverer of radium.,Which one is better in an EST,writing?Formality,精品,TheUseofNounsand,Noun,Phrases(使用名词和名词短语),ofPassiveVoice(使用被,ofAnticipatory,“it”(使用,TheUse动语态)TheUse先行词it),The Use of Anticipatory“it”科技文献中常见 itisthat/todo句
11、型。It is that/to do stated evident necessary natural inevitable unavoidable,精品,The Ways to Achieve Accuracy,精品,UsingSpecificExpressions(使用 更为明确的表述方式)UsingStatisticsandFigures(使用 数据和图表),The Ways to Achieve Accuracy,精品,UsingSpecificExpressions(使用 更为明确的表述方式)UsingStatisticsandFigures(使用 数据和图表),Using Spec
12、ific Expressions一词多义:通过某种方式限定该词在某 句话中的具体含义。多词近义:选取最为准确的词汇。,精品,givenin,精品,Using Specific ExpressionsCf.统计价值以数字表示-Thestatisticalvaluesare figures.,givenin,-Thestatistical numerical figures,valuesare.,figure:数字;图表Which one is more specific?,Using Specific ExpressionsCf.,精品,inby,-Thereflectedlightwastak
13、en the transducer.,-The reflected light wasabsorbedby the transducer.Which one is more specific?,Using Specific Expressions专业词汇的使用。专业词汇严谨、规范、词义单一、使用范 围狭窄。有很大一部分由源于希腊语和拉 丁语的词缀和词素构成。这两种语言自十 九世纪以来变成了一种形态和词义上不再 起变化的死语言,但其构词能力很强的基 本词缀和词素符合科技术语概念准确、形 式固定、一词一义的客观需要。,精品,(同,eg.hydroxide(氢氧化物),isotope位素),etc.
14、,The Ways to Achieve Accuracy,精品,UsingSpecificExpressions(使用 更为明确的表述方式)UsingStatisticsandFigures(使用 数据和图表),Using Statistics and Figures,精品,数字和图表的使用,使得科技文章的读者能够更加准确、直观的获 得相关信息。,Do Ex.on P3,2.Technical/Semi-TechnicalWords科技、半科技专业术语,精品,I.Technical Words:,精品,不同专业中使用的专业技术词汇。它们严谨、规范、词义单一、使用范 围狭窄,而且多是国际上通用
15、的。随着科技发展,新词不断出现。,I.Technical Words:,精品,Features,:,inMeaning,HighlySpecialized(意义高度专业化),The Use of Prefixes and Suffixes(前缀后缀的使用),I.Technical Words:,inMeaning,HighlySpecialized(意义高度专业化),The Use of Prefixes and Suffixes(前缀后缀的使用),Highly Specialized in Meaning,精品,e.g.-biorhythm生物节奏,-turbo-prop engine,涡轮浆发动机,-hypercharge超荷量-chlorophyll叶绿素-cumulonimbus积雨云,I.Technical Words:,in
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