1、(4)独一无二的事物 the sun,the Great Wall. The earth runs around the sun.(5)序数词、最高级、西洋乐器前序数词。试比较:A. He got the first prize in the maths competition. (用the,前面无my, his等形容词性物主代词修饰)B. I got my first birthday gift at the age of ten. (不用the,前面有形容词性物主代词修饰)最高级同理,如:A. I try my best to win the first prize.B Im the be
2、st.西洋乐器前面John loves playing the guitar.Tom loves play football.2、不定冠词 a/an用于可数名词前,表示一个或一类人或事。A. I ate an apple this morningB.Tom bought a toy car for his son.C. A plane is a machine that can fly. (常用来表示定义)以元音开头的字母(非元音字母a, e,i,o,u, 如 an “s”,而不是a “s”)用an. 原理是两个元音连在一起发音有些不便,因此加个辅音”n“隔开。总结:a/an 与 the 分别
3、对应汉语中的“一+量词(个、本、张.)”、“这/那+量词”翻译出“一.”的概念的,通常 a/an没有翻译出“一.”的概念的,通常不用a/an,而用 the 或不用冠词。 I sawacat on the floor. 我看见地板上有一只猫。Whatnice day! 多么美好的一天啊!A: Did you see a boy around? 你看见附近有一个男孩吗?B: You mean the one with a hat? 你指的是带着一顶帽子的那个吗?Tom usually goes to school by bus. Tom 通常做公交车去上学。这里没说坐一辆公交车,故不能用a/an,
4、同时也没特指,所以也不用the,属于零冠词。注:play the piano 属于固定搭配,可以单独记忆。知识延伸:(1)a/an 与 the 的转化He gets up at six in the morning. 他早上六点起床。He returned home on a cold winter morning. 他在一个寒冷的冬天的早上回到家。(2)零冠词与a/an的转化He called his parents on Friday. 他星期五给他父母打了电话。He called his parents on a sunny warm Friday. 他在一个晴朗温暖的星期五给他父母打了
5、电话。二、代词1、不定代词对应中文的“一些、很少、很多、几乎没有、没有、某个人、某件事、每个人、所有的.用来表示一个不确定的数量。(1)few, little 均表示几乎没有,其中few修饰可数名词,little修饰不可数名词(否定语气)A few 跟 a little 表示有几个、有一些,分别修饰可数、不可数名词,肯定语气。Tom has few friends. 汤姆几乎没有什么朋友。Few of us can speak French. 我们当中很少有人会说法语。This is little milk in the fridge and we need to call the milkm
6、an. 冰箱里没什么牛奶了,我们需要打电话给送牛奶的人。There is still a little milk in the fridge. 冰箱里还有一点牛奶。There are only a few students in the classroom. 教室里只有几个学生。A. 含有few,little的反意疑问句中,后半部分用肯定形式。Tom has few friends, does he?There is little milk in the fridge, is there?B. a little 也可用作副词,表示“有点,稍微”Im a little tired. 我有点累了。
7、She is a little hungry. 她有点饿了。(2)some,any 表示一些,修饰可数或不可数名词。其中some常用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句中。I have some old books. 我有一些旧书I dont have any old books? 我没有任何旧书。Do you have any old books? 你有一些旧书吗?Im thirsty, and I want to have some water. 我很渴,我想喝点水。A. 由some, any 衍生出来的词 something, anything,somebody, anybody,so
8、meone,any用法基本同上。Im hungry and I want something to eat.Its dark here. I cant see anything.B. some/something 可用于疑问句中,表示征询对方意见的意思;any/anything 用于肯定句中,表示任何的意思。Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点什么吗?Can you give me some advice? 你能给我一些建议吗?Anything is possible. 一切皆有可能。He is taller than any boys in his
9、 class. 他比他班上任何一个男生都要高。C. 当句中something, anything 有形容词修饰时,形容词需后置,如 something new例句:I hate eating potatoes everyday. I want to have something new today.Do you have anything interesting to tell us.知识衔接:类似的表达还有 形容词+enough 如 strong enough(足够强,enough 后置) He is old enough to go to school.She is not strong
10、enough to move the box.(3)all ,both;none,neither; eitherAll 表示三者或三者以上都.对应的否定形式为 neitherBoth 表示两者都,对应的否定形式为neither。 All of us love listening to music. 我们所有人都喜欢听音乐。(三人或三人以上)(否定)None of us loves listening to music. 我们所有人都不喜欢听音乐。Both Tom and John are from America. 汤姆和约翰都来自美国。(两人)(否定)Neither Tom nor John
11、 is from America. 汤姆和约翰都不是来自美国。either 表示 “两者中任何一个”;“either.or.”表示“要么.要么.”-Which do you prefer, tea or coffee. 茶跟咖啡你要喝哪一个?-Either is OK. I dont mind. 哪个都行,我不介意。Either you or I am going to the meeting. 要么你去参加这个会议,要么我去。 all 的否定形式有两种 加“not”表示的是部分否定,none 表示的是全部否定。 All of us dont like listening to music.
12、不是我们所有人都喜欢听音乐(有一部分人喜欢,一部分人不喜欢)None of us like(s)listening to music. 我们所有人都不喜欢听音乐(完全否定)含有neither.nor. either.or.句子,谓语动词的单复数要根据最靠近它的名词而定。Either you or I am going to the meeting.(4)other 表示“其他的”形容词性Tom is not here. You can ask other students. 汤姆不在这里,你可以问其他的学生。any other 表示任何其他的一个He is taller than any ot
13、her boys in his class. 他比他班上其他任何男生都高。others 表示“其他的人”We should help others. 我们应该帮助他人。the other一个,另一个(两个)I have two brothers. One is 7 years old and the other is 5 years old.表示“剩余其他的”Where have the other students gone? 其他的学生去哪儿了?the others+the other +前面提到的复数名词He is clever than the others in his class.
14、another三个或以上中的另一个This skirt is too big. Can you show me another one?固定用法 another+数词/few +复数名词 表示另外的、额外的I need another three hours to finish my homework.2、人称代词(1)主格 I, you, he, she, we, they, it (做主语)I/She/He.want(s) to see a film.(2)宾格 me, you, him, her, us, them, it(做宾语或表语)及物动词后We dont like him because he is very strict.I asked him a question.介词后面Its good for us to do exercise everyday.I havent he
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