国际会计准则第36号 资产减值【外文翻译】Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、Cambridge University Press外文作者 International accounting committee原文：International Accounting Standard 36 , Impairment of AssetsObjectiveIAS 36 prescribes procedures to ensure that assets are carried at no more than their recoverable amount. The standard specifies when impairment losses are to be rec

2、ognized and the conditions under which such losses should be reversed. IAS 36 also provides guidance on required disclosures.ScopeIAS 36 specifically scopes out the impairment of certain assets for which guide inventories （IAS 2）, assets arising from construction contracts （IAS 11）, deferred tax ass

3、ets （IAS 12）, assets arising from employee benefits （IAS 19）, financial assets that are within the scope of IAS 39.DefinitionsImpairment refers to the book value of assets exceeds its recoverable amount, to determine whether the impairment of assets, assets may have occurred should be based on some

4、signs of impairment, if there is any indication, companies should conduct a formal estimate of its recoverable amount .Identifying an asset that may be impairedAccording to IAS 36, an asset is impaired if its carrying amount is greater than its recoverable amount. IAS 36 requires that, at each balan

5、ce-sheet date, an organization must assess whether there are any indications that assets may be impaired. If an indication of impairment exists, the organization is required to estimate therecoverable amount of the asset. Note that with respect to requirements for measuring recoverable amounts （P185

6、7）, and the general requirements for reversing animpairment loss （P109116）, the standard uses the term “assets”; notwithstanding, the requirements apply both to individual assets and to cash-generating units.Fair value less costs to sellParagraphs 25 to 29 provide guidance on determining an assets f

7、air value less costs to sell.Paragraph 25 states “the best evidence of an assets fair value less costs to sell is a price in a binding sale agreement in an arms length transaction, adjusted for incremental costs that would be directly attributable to the disposal of the asset.” In the absence of a b

8、inding sales agreement, for an asset that is traded in an active market, fair value less costs to sell is the assets market price less the costs of disposal. If there is no active market for the asset, the entity uses the best information available. Value in useTo estimate the value in use of an ass

9、et, an entity first estimates the future net cash flows to be derived from the assets use and ultimate disposal, and then applies the appropriate discount rate to those future cash flows.Paragraph 30 stipulatesthe following elements shall be reflected in the calculation of an assets value inuse（a） a

10、n estimate of the future cash flows the entity expects to derive from theasset;（b） expectations about possible variations in the amount or timing of those future cash flows;（c） the time value of money, represented by the current market risk-free rate of interest;（d） the price for bearing the uncerta

11、inty inherent in the asset; and（e） other factors, such as illiquidity, that market participants would reflect in pricing the future cash flows the entity expects to derive from the asset. Estimates offuture cash flows include （P39 and 52）a） projections of cash inflows from the continuing use of the

12、assetb） projections of cash outflows incurred to generate the inflows from continuing use that can be directly attributed, or allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis, to the assetc） net cash flows, if any, to be received （or paid） for the disposal of the asset at the end of its useful life （t

13、he amount that an entity expects to obtain from the disposal of the asset in an arms-length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, after deducting the estimated costs of disposal）The discount rates used to determine value in use must be pre-tax rates that reflect both the time value of

14、money and the risks specific to the asset for which the future cash flow estimates have not been adjusted （P55）.Cash flow projections should be based on reasonable and supportable assumptions about the economic conditions that will exist over the remaining useful life of the asset, with greater weig

15、ht being given to external evidence. An entity should use the most recent budgets and forecasts, which are presumed to not go beyond five years. Beyond five years, an entity extrapolates from the earlier budgets, using a steady or declining growth rate not to exceed the long-term average growth rate

16、 for the products, industries, or countries in which.Paragraph 34 requires that management examine the causes of differences cash- flow projections and actual cash flows current cash-flow projections are based are consistent with past actual outcomes. Estimates of future cash flows exclude cash flows that relate to:future res