1、0例:He always helps others.(他总是帮助别人。)D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。3.Once environmental damage _,it takes many years for the system to recover.A)has done B)is to do C)does D)is done,E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例:
2、The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.How often does this shuttle bus run?F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。When you have finished the report,I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)4.Government cannot operate effectively _ it is free from such interference.A)
3、so long as B)so that C)unless D)because,有些表示状态和感觉的动词如:be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,remember,believe,recognize,guess,suppose,mean,belong,think,feel,envy,doubt,remain,consist,contain,seem,look,see,fit,suit,owe,own,hear,find,suggest,propose,allow,show,prove,mind,have,sou
4、nd,taste,matter,require,possess,desire.常用于一般现在时Eg:I feel sharp pain in my chest.The soup contains too much salt.You see what I mean?We greatly rejoice over your success.The coat fits you very well.It doesnt matter.,How do you find your key?Does it hurt?I regret to say I dont agree with you.The food
5、taste hot.The food cost 4,but I only paid 3 so I still owe 1.He owes me five dollars.I owe you an apology.We owe our parents a lot.AppreciateShe owes her success to good luck.I propose to go on Tuesday.He possesses two cars.She possesses some interesting pictures.,有些表示动作的动词间或可由于这一时态,表示现刻的动作,由于动作持续时间
6、极短,用进行时极不自然.Eg:I send you my best wishes.I apologize.I accept your advice.Now I extend my heartfelt thanks to you.I advise you to be cautious.We thank you for your kind invitation.I enclose a form of application.I enclose a check for$400.我附上一张400美元的支票。Enclosure=inclosure 附件,2.现在进行时(be doing)的用法5.The
7、 fifth generation computers,with artificial intelligence,_ and perfected now.A)developed B)have developed C)are being developed D)will have been developed3.现在完成时(have done)1)用法:A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。6:I bought a new house,but I _ my old one yet,so at the moment I have two houses.A)didnt sell B)sold C
8、)havent sold D)would sell,B)表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。7.Great as Newton was,many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our timeA)are to challenge C)have been challengedB)may be challenged D)are challeng
9、ingC)表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive,begin,find,give,lose等。John has broken his left leg.,2)注意事项A)现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)He has worked in that hospital f
10、or 8 years.(表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。),B)因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)My sister has married.Dont disturb her.(终端动词 C)在“this is the first/second/third time that”句型里要求用完成时。This is the second time that the p
11、roducts of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.,D)句型“It is/has beensince”所使用的两种时态都正确。It is/has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)E)在“no sooner-than”、“hardly/scarcely when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中,主句要求完成时。I havent met that professor prior to today.4.现在完成进行时(
12、have been doing)1)用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。),2)注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。8.It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time.Well have to take the machine apart to put it rig
13、ht.A)had leaked B)is leaking C)leaked D)has been leaking,Past tense,5.一般过去时1)用法:A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。9.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _.A)finish what I did B)finished what I didC)would finish what I was doing D)finished what I was doing“我决定一做完手头的工作就去图书馆”。本题首先要判断的是as soon as(一就)引出的时间状语从句中谓
14、语动词的时态。从句中的动作“做完手头的工作”是预计将要发生的动作,而去句的谓语动词用的是过去时。在这种场合,从句中通常用一般过去时,而不用过去将来时。所以选项A和C不可能是答案。句子指的是“完成正在做的工作”,do要用进行式。因此选项D才是答案,B)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(过去
15、常常)He used to visit his mother once a week.C)有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?Would you mind my sitting here?,2)注意事项:A)注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday,last month,in 1999,two days ago等,绝对不可与recently,in the past 10 years,this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。B)used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do,didnt used to do,didnt use
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