1、所在学院 机械工程 专业班级 06机自-机电4班 摘 要随着汽车工业和建筑业两大支柱产业的快速发展,在一些大、中城市相继出现了停车难和乱停车的现象。在解决城市城市停车难的问题中,机械式立体停车设备以其独特的优点,引起了各界的重视,得到了广泛的应用。车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果,立体停车设备的发展在国外,无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。我国也于90年代初开始研究开发机械立体停车设备。机械车库与传统的自然地下车库相比,在许多方面都显示出优越性。首先,机械车库具有突出的节地优势。以往的地下车库平均一辆车就要占据40平方米的面积,而如果采用双层机械车库,可
2、使地面的使用率提高80-90,如果采用地上多层(21层)立体式车库的话,50平方米的土地面积上便可存放40辆车,这可以大大地节省有限的土地资源。 论文以研究工作的进展顺序为序,分章、节逐一论述了课题的来源,目的及意义,设计过程,在设计中遇到的问题与难点及其解决方法与措施。在第一章里主要介绍了立体车库的概念、分类及各自的特点,发展现状,研究内容和研究意义等。在第二章主要介绍了总体方案的确定,通过各种类型停车库的比较,选择自己的设计类型;在确定升降橫移式后,再通过几种方案的比较来确定总体方案及具体的布局设计。第三章介绍了整体机械结构的设计,涉及机械结构的组成部分及各个部分的设计,组成部分有一个图形
3、示意,钢结构部分包括车库常用钢结构的分类、主体钢结构框架以及相应钢结构材料的选择,载车板主要是类型的选择;传动系统是重点,在这里我介绍了传动系统的组成、传动系统的主要参数、传动系统主要组成部件传动链和链轮的设计计算、电动机和减速器的选择、轴的设计计算等。第四章主要是控制部分的设计包括PLC控制流程图、接线图、梯形图及程序。结论是对这次毕业设计的总结和回顾。 关键词:立体停车设备,传动设计,控制系统,升降机构,安全性AbstractAlong with the fast development of two major of pillar industry of the automobile i
4、ndustry and building industry, the city one after another appears to park the car the phenomenon of the difficult and disorderly parking in somely bigly,.In resolve the city city park the car difficult problem, stereoscopic parking equipments of the machine type with its special advantage, caused th
5、e value of the public, get the extensive application.The vehicle has no a the society, economy, transportation that the problem for park is a city to develop output result to certain extent, the development of the stereoscopic parking equipments is abroad, particularly at Japan already is close to 3
6、040 years of history, all have already acquired the success on the technique still on the experience regardless.The our country also starts study to develop the stereoscopic parking equipments of machine at the beginning of in 90s, being apart from to already have the process of the decade now.Becau
7、se a lot of set up the little inhabitant inside the area to go together with the car to compare to 1 lately:1, for solving the parking lot to cover the area and inhabitants company to use the antinomy of the area, stereoscopic machine parking equipments with it average the bicycle covers the small s
8、pecial characteristic of area, have already been accept by the large customer. The machine garage and traditional get off the database to compare naturally, in many respect display the superiority.First, the machine garage has an advantage of outstanding stanza.Before underground garage because of t
9、oing stay to go the car passage enough, average car will occupy 40 areas of the square meters, but if a layer of adoption machine garage, can make the utilization rate of the ground raise 80%-90%, if an up many type garages with stereoscopic layer(21 layers) of adoption, can deposit 40 cars then on
10、50 areas of the land of the square meters, this resources that can save the limited land consumedly, and save the soil to set up to develop the cost.Currently the society contain a lot of mature and technical parking equipmentses for example:Ascend and descend horizontal move the type;Perpendicular
11、and circulating type;Level circulation type;The flat surface moves the type;A of tunnel;The perpendicular rise and fall type;Simple rise and fall.Pass the comparison and analysises to these garages type characteristicses, I was end to choose a garage type that is the design. Thesis with research the
12、 progress of the work is in proper order for the preface, dividing the chapter, stanza to discuss the source of the topic one by one, purpose and meaning, the design process, problem meet in the design with a little bit difficult and it resolve method and measure.At design the process part, detailed
13、 discussed the total structure of equipments design, horizontal move to spread to move the system design and promote to spread to move the system design, access the car structure design, control the system design and safe protection design. Keyword: stereoscopic parking equipments,The structure desi
14、gn,Control the system,PLC,Safety1 绪 论1.1立体车库概述车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果,立体停车设备的发展在国外,尤其在日本已有近3040年的历史,无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。我国也于90年代初开始研究开发机械立体停车设备,距今已有十年的历程。由于很多新建小区内住户与车位的配比为1:1,为了解决停车位占地面积与住户商用面积的矛盾,链驱动双层升降横移式立体车库停车设备以其平均单车占地面积小的独特特性,已被广大用户接受。 链驱动双层升降横移式车库与传统的自然地下车库相比,在许多方面都显示出优越性。以往的地下车库由于
15、要留出足够的行车通道,平均一辆车就要占据40平方米的面积,而如果采用双层机械车库,可使地面的使用率提高8090,如果采用地上多层(21层)立体式车库的话50平方米的土地面积上便可存放40辆车,这可以大大地节省有限的土地资源,并节省土建开发成本。 链驱动双层升降横移式车库与地下车库相比可更加有效地保证人身和车辆的安全,人在车库内或车不停准位置,由电子控制的整个设备便不会运转。应该说,链驱动双层升降横移式车库从管理上可以做到彻底的人车分流。 在地下车库中采用机械存车,还可以免除采暖通风设施,因此,运行中的耗电量比工人管理的地下车库低得多。链驱动双层升降横移式车库一般不做成套系统,而是以单台集装而成
16、。这样可以充分发挥其用地少、可化整为零的优势,在住宅区的每个组团中或每栋楼下都可以随机设立机械停车楼。这对眼下车库短缺的小区解决停车难的问题提供了方便条件。在中华人民共和国机械行业标准 JB/T 8713-1998 :机械式停车设备类别,形式,基本参数要目中,对机械式停车设备进行了划分,其类别代号如下:升降横移类,代号为SH,是指通过设备的垂直升降和水平横移进行移动,实现车辆存取功能的停车设备。垂直循环类,代号为CX,是指通过搬运器在垂直平面内做连续的循环移动,来实现车辆存取功能的停车设备。水平循环类,代号为SX,是指搬运器在水平平面内排列成2列或2列以上连续循环列尖转换移动,实现车辆存取功能的停车设备。多层循环类,代号为DX,是指车辆搬运器在垂直平面内排成2
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