1、Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。Dont forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。May you succeed!祝您成功!虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、
2、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。二、表祝愿。1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。、May good luck be yours!祝你好运!、May you be happy!祝你快乐!、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!、May
3、 you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。2、用动词原形。例如:(1).Long live the people! 人民万岁!(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!”(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快!三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”)(1).God save me.(2
4、).Heaven help us.四、表命令1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:!3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be , go4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。(1). Work !(2). Work harder !(3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)(4). You go out !(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)(6). Dont be afraid. (口语中常用dont
5、 代替do not)五、在一些习惯表达中。(1).Youd better set off now.你最好现在就出发。(2).Id rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。例:1. I wis
6、h (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并
7、不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。1. I wish (th
8、at可省略,下同)I hadnt wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)3. We wished he had spoken to us.(wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)4. I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.(will wis
9、h,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)例题分析:I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have slept B. sleptC. might have slept D. have slept动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时hadto get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。
10、所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):从句动词would/should/could/might + 动词原形(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)3. You wished she would arrive the next
11、day.(would + arrive)你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)(只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起)四)、注意:1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。I wished I hadnt spent so much money.我要是那时没有
12、花掉那么多钱就好了。2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand,
13、 require, beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order表示“主张”的:maintain, urge表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist例如:1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.3.When I suggested that he try shaving
14、cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking cou
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