高考英语介词重点讲解.docx

1、高考英语介词重点讲解高考英语介词重点讲解一、考查热点介词的用法例1： When do we need to pay the balance? _ September 30. A. In B. By C. During D. Within析：由语境逻辑可知，该空表示“到为止”。例2： This new model of car is so expensive that it is _ the reach of those with average incomes.A. over B. within C. beyond D. below析： so expensive暗示该空表示“超出之外”。例3：

2、 In order to change attitudes _ employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.A. about B. of C. towards D. on析： 该空表示“对的（态度）”。二、考查“动词+介词”短语的区别“动词+介词”短语是最常见的介词短语，高考对其考查有下列几种可能性：（1）考查“动词（不同）+介词（不同）”短语的区别。例1： The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now _ the matte

3、r.A. seeing through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over析： 由主语和宾语之间的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“调查”，因此应填looking into。see through看透；work out解出；watch over守卫，保护。例2： The boss said we had only three days to finish the work. Dont worry. We have already _ two thirds of it. A. got down B. got through C. given i

4、n D. given away析：Dont worry.与already之间的语境逻辑暗示该空表示“完成”，因此应填got through。get down下来，取下，写下；give in屈服；give away赠送，泄露，分配。（2）考查“动词（相同）+介词（不同）”短语的区别take, make, pick, turn, go, get, set, put, give, leave, keep, cut, call, pull等动词构成的不同介词短语是高考考查的重点。例1： With no one to _ in such a frightening situation, she felt

5、 very helpless.A. turn to B. turn on C. turn off D. turn over析：helpless暗示该空表示“求助”，因此应填turn to。turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn over翻开。例2： The Internet has brought _ big changes in the way we work. A. about B. out C. back D. up析：主语和宾语间的逻辑性暗示该空表示“带来”，因此应用bring about。bring out拿出；bring back归还，使记起，使恢复；bring up

6、吐出，抚养。（3）考查“动词（不同）+介词（相同）”短语的区别由同一介词、不同动词组成的介词短语也是历年高考考查的重点。备考时应重点注意out, for, up, into, off, on, in, through, to等活跃介词构成的“动词+介词”短语。例1： This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can _ my father.A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out 析：was taken a long time ago暗示该空表示“挑选”，因此应填pic

7、k out。find out找出， 发现； look out当心；speak out直言不讳地说。例2： Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _ yesterday? A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on析： “你可以告诉我你昨天穿着的那双鞋是在哪里买的吗？” try on试穿； put on穿上（表动作）；have on穿着（表状态）；pull on很快穿上。三、 考查“介词+名词/代词”短语的用法“介词+名词/代词”是常见的介词短语，主要由by, for, in,

8、 on等活跃介词+名词/代词构成。例1： I would like a job which pays more, but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment.A. in other words B. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact析： but暗示该空表示“另一方面”，因此应填on the other hand。in other words换言之；for one thing首先，举个例说； as a matter of fact实际上。例2： No one help

9、ed me. I did it all _ myself.A. for B. by C. from D. to 析： No one helped me.暗示该空表示“独立地”，因此应用by oneself短语。for oneself 为某人自己，亲自；to oneself 独用地，在心中。四、 考查“介词+名词+介词”短语的区别“介词+名词+介词”也是常见的介词短语，开头介词多为in, for, at, by等活跃介词。例1： My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it. A. in favour of B. in

10、 memory of C. in honour of D. in search of析： while的对比性语境逻辑暗示该空应填against的反义词，表示“赞成”，因此应填in favour of。in memory of为纪念；in honour of为纪念，为向表示敬意，为庆祝；in search of寻找。例2： John became a football coach in Sealion Middle School _ the beginning of March. A. on B. for C. with D. at析： at the beginning of在一开始。五、考查对

11、“be+形容词+介词”短语的识别“be+形容词+介词”短语中，形容词多半表示人的心理，介词多为with, of, about, to, for, in等活跃介词。例： You know, Bob is a little slow _ under-standing, so. So I have to be patient _ him.A. in; with B. on; withC. in; to D. at; for析： be slow in在（方面）迟钝；be patient with对耐心。六、 考查对介词式插入语的区别由介词in构成的插入语一向是高考考查的重点，常见的有in fact,

12、in turn, in return, in general, in a word, in other words, in ones opinion等。例：A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _ will promote its economic development. A. in nature B. in return C. in turn D. in fact析:由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“反过来”，因此应填in turn。in nature性质上；in return作为报答；in fact实

13、际上。七、考查对with引导的独立结构的识别with+名词/代词+不定式/现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词均可构成独立主格结构。该结构在句中作状语，其中不定式强调未来动作，现在分词强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调被动动作。例1：It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of析：由语境逻辑和句子结构可知，his works unfinished为“名词+过去分词”独立主格结构作伴随状语，因此前面可加with。例2： _ two exams to worr

14、y about, I have to work really hard this weekend.A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of析： two exams to worry about 构成名词+不定式独立主格结构作原因状语，表示未来动作，因此该空应填with。八、考查对介词+关系代词which+不定式结构的识别“介词+关系代词which+不定式”常作后置定语，表示“在/用可的”，被修饰名词往往为不定式所表示动作的地点或工具。例： Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the w

15、orkings of his own hands.A. that B. in whichC. by which D. how 析：该空表示“在里面可的”，因此应填in which，构成“介词+关系代词which+不定式结构”作后置定语。九、 考查对介词+关系代词which/whom引导的定语从句的识别介词+关系代词which/whom可引导定语从句。解题时可将定语从句与先行词连成一句，缺什么介词就由什么介词+which/whom引导定语从句。例1： I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who

16、 she was，she had run back in the direction _ she had come.A. of which B. by whichC. in which D. from which 析： 定语从句与先行词可连成she had come from the direction，因此该空应填from which引导定语从句。例2： She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. A. after which B. from which C.

17、 from that D. after that析：定语从句与先行词可连成she went on to have her advanced study abroad after she was educated at Beijing University，因此该空应填after which引导定语从句。十、考查对介词宾语形式的判断几乎所有介词后均应接动名词而不接不定式作宾语，但是but, except除外。例1： How about join us? 析： about为介词，后面应用动名词作宾语，因此join应改为joining。例2： Im looking forward to hear f

18、rom you soon.析： look forward to中的to为介词，因此后面应用动名词作宾语，hear应改为hearing。附：（1）相近介词和介词短语 1. With the help of 在帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在领导关心下 2. be strict with sb. 对人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对事要求严格 3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界

19、上 5. lie in 位于之内 lie on 同接壤 lie to 位于之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以名义 8. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用方法 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get ones own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步，屈服 lose ones way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on ones way to 在去的路上 Come this way 这

20、边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in the corner 在角落里（内角） on the corner 在角落上（外角上） 11. judge by / from 根据来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在结束时 at the beginning of 在开始时 at the back of 在背后，支持 at the age of 岁时 at the foot of 在脚下 at the bottom of 在底部 at the top of 在顶上 at/on the edge of 在边上 1

21、3. in the course of 在过程中 in the eyes of 从观点看来，在眼里 in the face of 面对，尽管，纵使 in the middle of 在中间 in the end =at last=finally 最后 14. on the eve of 在前夕 on the side of 在一边 15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后 for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间 16. behind time 迟到，过期 behind the times 落在时代后面 17. at no

22、 time 决不 in no time 立即，马上 18. at one time = once time 曾经 at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有时 at all times 经常，一直，始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在的时候 by the time 到的时候 19. for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时 the moment /minute /instance 正当一刹那 20. once or twice 一两次 more

23、than once 不止一次 once more 重新，又 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔 （2）归类记忆 1. be on show / display / play / sale / strike / duty / trial 2. be of value / importance / use / no use / color / age / size / height / weight / significance 3. to ones joy / surprise / pleasure / astonishment / sorrow / d

24、elight 4. in surprise / wonder / alarm / terror / horror / delight 5. by air / bicycle / boat / bus / car / letter / post / plane / telephone / train / wire 6. at daybreak / sunrise / dawn / noon/ dark / night 7. out of breath / control / question / sight 8. in fact / reality / substance / nature /

25、practice / theory / short / brief / a word / detail / all / average / full / time / fashion / existence / turn / vain / haste / appearance / common / sum/ general / particular / public / secret / order / part / power / stock / case / bed / future / name / addition / sight 9. on duty / shift / holida

26、y / leave / business / purpose / time / sale / show / board / hand / record / request / root / earth / farm / principle 10. for example / instance / all / good / nothing / convenience / short / fear / sale 11. by weight ( volume size number ) / profession / definition / rule / turn / chance/ acciden

27、t/ mistake / hand / train ( bus ,taxi ,ship ,boat ) / air / land / force / day / nature / sight 12. at most / least / best / worst / once / first / last / home / school / will / work / night / midnight / daybreak / dawn / present / length / large 13. as above / below / following / over / usual / bef

28、ore / a matter of fact 14. above all / measure / normal 15. before all / long / time / now / then 16. after all / class / school 17. out of action / order / condition / use / operation / step / joint / repair/ gear / balance / range/ doubt / date / danger / hand / shape / place / question / stock /

29、18. with caution / interest / difficulty / ease / advantage / effect / reason / vigor / reserve / success / confidence 19. beyond comprehension / conception / description / expression / doubt / control / reach / power / measure / grasp / compare / controversy / dispute / hope / example 20. under age

30、 / discussion / test / way / repair （3）组合记忆 （1）由两个词组成的复合介词 1. 以of结尾 ahead of , aside of , because of , east of , west of , instead of , short of , lack of , regardless of 2. 以to结尾 according to , as to , counter to , due to , owing to , next to , previous to , prior to , apostle to , relative to , su

31、bject to , subsequent to , on to , thanks to 3. 以with结尾 along with , together with 4. 以for结尾 as for , but for , except for , save for 5. 以from结尾 from above , from below , from among , from between , from beneath , from behind , from over （2）由三个词组成的复合介词 1. 以in开头 in addition to , in advance of , in agreement with , in case of , in charge o