10 名词和冠词十年高考英语真题分项详解试题及答案.docx

1、10 名词和冠词十年高考英语真题分项详解试题及答案专题10 名词和冠词【2021年】1（2021天津卷）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by _ in medical science.Atraditions Badvances Cpressures Dexamples【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvemen

2、ts in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。2. （2021全国乙卷）Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1

3、980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】68. financial 69.activities 【解析】68.被考查词位于名词aid之前，故判断考点为形容词。69.被考查项为名词，位于主语的位置，且谓语动词range为复数形式，故考点

4、为名词变复数。3. (2021新高考I卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song“The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _57_ (human) are.【答案】57

5、. humans 【解析】57 .考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。.As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in mine .While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is _65_ must to vis

6、it!【答案】65.a【解析】65.考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。4. (2021浙江卷)Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincolns home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles

7、 Dresser, who performed their _38_ （marry）ceremony in 1842. 【答案】38. marriage 【解析】38.考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。5.（2021年全国甲卷）We hired our bik

8、es from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all _48_ way around the Xian City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and _49_ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local

9、 people going about their daily routines.【答案】48. the 49. watchtowers 【解析】【48题】考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。【49题】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。【2020年】1.（2

10、020新课标卷）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。2.（2020新课标卷）

11、Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。3.（2020新课标卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of s

12、pring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。4.（2020新课标卷）Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.【答案】将vacations改为vacation【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。5.（2020

13、新课标卷）Filled with 64 (curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。6. （2020江苏卷）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _.A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submissi

14、on【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。7.（2020山东卷）Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词histo

15、rical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。8.（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the 62 (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63（making） (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填s

16、easons。【2019年】1.【2019江苏卷】Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。2.【2019天津卷】We can observe th

17、at artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statement B. impactC. impression D. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。3.【2019新课标I卷】Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar

18、bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are (be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。4【2019新课标I卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.【解析】考查冠词。名词fo

19、otball为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。5.【2019浙江卷】Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。【2018年】1.【2018天津】The_ that there is life on other planets in

20、 the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. advice B. orderC. possibility D. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。2. 【2018新课标卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a stu

21、dy published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。3. 【2018新课标卷I】During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside wit

22、h my father to visit my grandparents.【答案】countryside前加the考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。【解析】countryside前加the考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。4. 【2018新课标卷II】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.【答案】the 【解析】

23、考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。5. 【2018新课标卷III】Unexpectedly，Im face-to-face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。6. 【2018新课标卷III】My na

24、me is Mireya Mayor. Im a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.【答案】scientist 【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。7. 【2018浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填

25、dishes。8. 【2018浙江卷】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。【2017年】1. 【2017新课标卷I】As 65 result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that som

26、ething missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示结果。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。2. 【2017新课标卷II 】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.【答案】crowds【解析】考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。3. 【2017新课标卷

27、II 】This included digging up the road，laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64top.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在 top前加the。【2016年】1.【2016浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time ，as late payments may affect your _.A. condition B. income C. credit D. status【答

28、案】C【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）；status地位。根据句意故选C。2.【2016天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight. A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【答案】D【解析】句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。3.【2016浙江】_prize for th

29、e winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ； 不填 B. A ； 不填 C. A ； the D. The ； a【答案】D【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词，第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选A。4.【2016江苏】 Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full，definitely.A. recip

30、e B. record C. range D. receipt【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条。根据句意可知A项秘诀符合题意。 【2015年】1.(2015湖北) When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his _ and had a bad fall.A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place 【答案】A【解析】句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，重重的摔了一跤。A项“平衡”；B项“机会”；C项“记忆”；D项“地方

31、”。Lose ones balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。2.(2015湖北)He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task. A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure 【答案】C【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。3.(2015安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _ and then let me know.A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority【答案】A【解析】句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。4.(2015江苏)Go and say