第10讲状语从句一教师版2.docx

1、第10讲状语从句一教师版2内容基本要求状语从句（一）状语从句分类及从属连词新概念二第24课1.重点单词及短语2.背诵课文状语从句（一）状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表： 时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before条件if, unless原因as, because, since地点where目的so that, in order that结果so that, sothat, suchthat让步t

2、hough, although, even if, however方式as比较than, (not) asas, 例： 时间状语从句： Whenever he es, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。 条件状语从句： As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。 原因状语从句： Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。 地点状语从句： Put it where we can all see it.把

3、它放在我们都能看到的位置。清单一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as 等。1连词when，while 和as 都可表示当时候,但用法有区别：（1）when，while 都有“当时候”的意思。when 既可表示某一时间点，也可以表示某一段时间。在when 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。例：I was just reading a book when she c

4、ame into my room. （came为非延续性动词）When the sun rises, the farmers work in the fields.（2）while 只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一时间点。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例：While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.（错）While Lin Tao came to see him, Jim was mending his bike. （对）When Lin Tao cam

5、e to see him, Jim was mending his bike. You cant do your homework while youre watching TV.（3）另外，when 和while 的区别还在于：while 引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。例：While they were talking, the bell rang.I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.（4）as 意为“一边一边”或“与同时”，重在表示动作同时

6、发生、伴随进行。例：As he grew older, he became more intelligent.2连词before, after, since, until(till). 当他们表示时间时，他们既是介词又是连词。例：beforeHe usually drinks a cup of tea before he goes to school.（连词）He usually drinks a cup of tea before going to school.（介词） afterHe usually drinks a cup of coffee after he es back from

7、 school.（连词）He usually drinks a cup of coffee after ing back from school. （介词）sinceI have lived in Dalian since my son was born in 1999.（连词）通常情况下，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。I have lived in Dalian since 1999.（介词）until / tillI will wait here until(till) you finish your job.（连词）I will wait here until(till) 8pm.

8、（介词）3词组 as soon as可译为一就，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。（主将从现）通常情况下，主句用一般将来时，as soon as 引导的从句用一般现在时。例：I will tell him as soon as he es back.As soon as she finishes her homework, she will play tennis.He will e and see you as soon as he can. 他一有空就来看你。He rushed home as soon as he got the good news. 他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。重点：

9、一就还可以用on upon doing 结构来表示。例：On arriving home he called up Lester. = As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester. 他一到家就给莱斯特打电话。 immediately/ instantly /directly 相当于as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。例：They phoned her immediately they reached home. 他一到家马上就给她打了电话。I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of

10、 her. 我一看见她就把她认出来了。We came directly we got your telephone. 我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。 the moment, the minute, the instant, the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一.就。例：He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home. 他说他一到家就打开电视机。Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives. 告诉他，他一到我就要见他。The second the bell ra

11、ng, the students rushed out of the classroom. 铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。清单二、地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由连接词where, wherever引导。例：Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。Where there is water, there is life.Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever you go, I wil

12、l follow you.= No matter where you go, I will follow you.I will go wherever I can find a good job.= I will go no matter where I can find a good job.清单三、方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由连接词as, (just) asso, as if, as though 引导。1as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as 从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体。例：As wa

13、ter is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。You should do your homework as Tom did.2as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。译为仿佛似的，好像似的。例：They pletely

14、ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：as if / as though 也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词

15、短语，例：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。清单四、原因状语从句连接原因状语从句的连接词有because, since, as 和for例：I didnt go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is

16、 so bad, we have to delay our journey.Tom was late for school this morning because he didnt catch the early bus.I couldnt go to Beijing on business as my mother was ill.Since all of us agreed about this plan, we will carry it out next week.We listened carefully, for the speech was very important.注：当

17、连接原因状语从句时，because 语气最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why 提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as，for和since。because, as, since引导的从句可在主句前面或后面，for引导的从句不能放在句首。清单五、目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由连接词that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case 等词引导。例：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the

18、name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.Cherry was walking quickly so that (in order that) she could arrived at the cinema in time.John sent the mail by air in order that (so that) it might arrive a little early.注：通常情况下，so that 等于in orde

19、r that.清单六、结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so that 或suchthat 引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和such 与其后的词的搭配规律。比较：so 和such其规律由so 与such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little 连用，形成固定搭配。例：so foolish / such a foolso nice a flower / such a nice flowerso many / few flowers / such nice flower

20、ssothat 与suchthat 之间的转换既为so 与such 之间的转换。例：The boy is so young that he cant go to school.=He is such a young boy that he cant go to schoolHe ran so fast that we couldnt keep up with him.She spoke English so clearly that all of us could understand her.She is such a nice teacher that all of us love her

21、.=She is a so nice teacher that all of us love her.The chef cooked such nice food that we ate up at the end of the dinner.=The chef cooked so nice food that we ate up at the end of the dinner.These were such interesting books that we kept reading until the end of the class.=These were so interesting

22、 books that we kept reading until the end of the class.清单七、条件状语从句连接条件状语从句的连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。1如果主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，条件从句的谓语要用一般现在时表示将来时。（主将从现）例：Ill wait for you if you e tomorrow.If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.You wont pass the exam unless you wor

23、k hard on it.As long as you take my advice, you will outwit your rival.2unless = if not.例：Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.清单八、让步状语从句连接状语从句的连接词有though, although，even if, even though, 疑问词+ever, no matter+疑问词等。注意：当有though, although 时，后面的从句

24、不能有but，但是though 和yet 可连用。例：Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语）Although (though) I gave him some advice, he didnt take them.John cont

25、inued to work hard even if (even though) he felt sick.Whatever you do, I will support you.=No matter what you do, I will support you.Whoever you may be, I will not let you in. =No matter who you may be, I will not let you in.However difficult it may be, we will overe it. = No matter how difficult it

26、 may be, we will overe it.注：一般情况下，although等于though, even if等于even though, however等于no matter how, wh-ever等于no matter wh-。典型例题：1ever if, even though 即使例：Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.2whetheror 不管都例：Whether you believe it or not, it is true.清单九、no matter +疑问词 或疑问词+后缀ever例：No matter

27、what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whicheverno matter how = however注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。例：（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Wh

28、atever you say is of no use now. 你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say 是主语从句)（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given,（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。热身练习一、单项选择。1. Ill let you know _ he es back.A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although答案与解析：C。as soon as 一就此题为时间状语从

29、句，遵循主将从现的原则。2. She will sing a song _ she is asked.A. if B. unless C. for D. since答案与解析：A。如果她被邀请，她就会唱一首歌。此题为if 引导的条件状语从句。3. We will work _ we are needed.A. whenever B. because C. since D. wherever答案与解析：D。哪里需要我们，我们就去那里工作。Wherever 引导的地点状语从句。4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so that B. if C.

30、 when D. although答案与解析：A。读的大声点，以便同学们都可以听清楚。So that 引导的目的状语从句。5._ you go, dont forget your people.A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever答案与解析：C。无论你去哪里，请不要忘记你的人们。Wherever 引导的地点状语从句。6. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. since B. for C. when D. as答案与解析：A。自从上次见你，已经有十年了。Since 引导的时间状语从句。7.

31、They will never succeed, _ hard they try.A. because B. however C. when D. since答案与解析：B。如果多么努力，他们永远不会成功。8. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. When B. Because C. Though D. As答案与解析：C。虽然他半醉，他还是踉跄的回到了家。此句为有though 引导的让步状语从句。9. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of答案与解析：B。虽然她很累，但还是继续工作。此句为although 引导的让步状语从句。10. Busy _ he was, he tried his best to he