现在完成时.docx

1、现在完成时现在完成时 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词(done)构成。 助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词在句子中做谓语,说明句子的含义。 2.用法 (1)动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如: -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进

2、行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如:He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教) I havet seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。 如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 (1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, l

3、ast Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wa

4、ll?你曾经去过长城吗? -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。 例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now, today, this mornin

5、g (month,year,term)等。例如:-Have you met him today?-No, I havent. 今天你见过他吗?我没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次? (2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I havent seen him for two years. 但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be (在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总

6、结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换: arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或be a member of 1 close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have

7、catch(a cold)have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork等 如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 T he film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。 4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

8、现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。试比较: I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到) I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明) 5.几点注意事项 (1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不

9、在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 (2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。 如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 (3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一

10、段时间的状语连用。 如:I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。 一、单项选择 1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. has bought B.

11、 has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years. A.

12、am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D.

13、 came to 10. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 12.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will have B. have had C. ha

14、ve D. had 13. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 14. -_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was goi

15、ng D. Did, go, didnt, was going 15. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has

16、 bought 17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing 19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has

17、come to 20. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he _ the party three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was 21. -What a nice bike! How long _ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having

18、D. have; had 22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a long time? -Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. -How long have you _ from the U

19、SA? -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had 26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _ for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 27. - _ you_ your homew

20、ork yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather _ in Beijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. -How long have you been here? - _ last month. A. F

21、or B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He _ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught 31. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 33.Where have you _

22、 these days?I have to Beijing with my friends. A. been;gone B. been;been C. gone;been D. gone;gone 34.How long have you _ this book? A. bought B.borrowed C.had D.lent 35. We have lived here _ five years ago. A. when B.since C.before D.after 36.I have watched the game.When _you _ it? A.have;watched B

23、.do;watch C.did;watch D.will;watch 37.How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black?Oh,I _ such a beautiful city. A.dont visit B.didnt visit C.havent visited D.hadnt visited 38.Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice. A.have been B.has been C.have gone D.has gone 39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he

24、 came to Yunnan. A.after B.before C.since D.for 40.His grandpa _ for two years. A.was died B.has been dead C.was dead D.has died 41.Have you ever_ to Haikou? Yes,I_ there with my family last August. A.gone;went B.been;went C.been;went to D.been;was in 42. His sister _ her hometown for three years. S

25、hell return next year. A.left B.has left C.has been away D.has been away from 以适当形式填空 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet . 3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I _ (be) there twice . 4. -_ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? -No, nev

26、er. 5. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 7. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become) a large city. 8. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 9. So far I _(make) quite a few friends her

27、e. 10. -How long _ the Smiths _(stay)here? - For two weeks. 11. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”. - Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 12. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 13. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 14. -_ Uncle Wang _

28、 (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 15. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 16. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next. 17. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 18. She _ (be) ill for three days. 19. My father _ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan for it. 20. She_ (not read) this book before. 21. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 22. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet? -Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 23. -How long _y