1、译林版七年级英语下学期Unit 4语法之冠词学案冠词适用学科小初英语适用年级六-七适用区域通用版课时时长(分钟)120知识点冠词的用法教学目标能够区分和运用定冠词,不定冠词以及掌握零冠词的用法教学重点1. 冠词的分类 2.不同种类冠词的基本用法教学难点1. 在特殊语境中,a和an的用法辨析 2. 冠词的固定搭配冠词是小升初考试的必考点,以下是小升初考试真题,从题目中观察考查方向及重点:1)Theres _ “h” in the word “hour”.A. a B. the C. an D./2) He is living in _ European country.A.a B. the C.
2、 an D./3) _ youngest leader in China is _ man called LuHao AThe;a BA;the CA;a DAn;all【答案】13 CAA【解析】1. 考查不定冠词a 和an 的区别; “h”的读音以/ei/这个双元音开头,所以应该为an,故选C。2. 考查不定冠词的基本用法,表示 “一个”应该用不定冠词,而European中第一个“e”不发音;字母“u”的发音为/ju:/,开头为非元音发音,故选A。3. 第一个空格考查定冠词the应该用于最高级前面,所以应该选the youngest leader; 后一个空格考查不定冠词,一个叫陆昊的男人
3、,所以应该用a,故选A。1. 冠词的定义:冠词是虚词,放在名词前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。2. 冠词的分类:定冠词:the不定冠词:a 和 an3. 冠词含义:“the”相当于“this/that/these/those”,翻译成“这”“a和an”相当于“one”,翻译成“一个、一只”4. 冠词特点:(1)它们本身都不能单独使用 ,必须和名词一起使用。(2) a/an + 单数可数名词。 the + 可数名词/不可数名词,单复数均可,表示特指。如:a dog , an orangethe dog, the dogs, the water, the hair1)表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个,
4、经常用在第一次提到的某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示“一个”。如:He has a girlfriend. I have an elephant. This is an interesting book. 2)表示数量“一”,相当于one.如:There are twenty-four hours in a day.3)表示人或事物的某一类,强调整体,以一个表一类。如:A horse is useful to mankind.马对人类有用。4)放在时间速度价格等前,表示“每一”的意思,相当于every.如:we often go to school two times a day.5)
5、用于说明身份和职业如: I am a teacher.6)用于某些固定词组中如:a lot of许多 in a minute 一会儿 for a while 一会儿have a try试一试 in a word 总而言之口诀: 不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”; 可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体; 某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。区分a和an?an用于以元音音素开头的单词前,习惯上如果后面名词的首字母为五个元音字母a,e,i,o,u那我们选an如:an old man, an orange, an elephanta用于辅音音素开头的单词前。如: a book, a picture,
6、a map, a cup难点:应该注意有些特殊以元音字母开头确不能用an的单词,辅音字母开头的词不能用a。如:an hour /a/ ; a useful book /jusfl/ ; a university /junvst/; a European country /jrpn/小窍门:In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one- way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing. (在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走,这是
7、件平常的事。)用a和an填空_ useful bag _ apple _ umbrella _ old manThere is _ u and _h in the word hour. 【答案】a; an; an; an; a; an【解析】本题考察不定冠词a 和 an 的用法区别。(以元音发音开头的字母有“a、e、f、h、i、l、m、n、o、r、s、x”共12个)1)特指某些人或物 如:The book on the desk is mine.2)双方都知道的人或事物 如:Open the door, please.3)指上文提到的人或事物(第二次出现用定冠词the,第一次出现用不定冠词a
8、或an) 如:He lives on a farm, the farm is not big.4)指世界上独一无二的事物如:The sun is bigger than the moon.5)用在形容词前表示一类人如:the poor the old the blind6)用在姓氏前表示一家人,或者表示夫妻两人如:The Greens are at table.7)用于序数词、形容词最高级及形容词only,very,same等词的前面如:The island is the biggest of the three. January is the first month of the year.
9、 They are in the same class.8)用于乐器前如:I like playing the piano.9)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前如: the Peoples Republic of China: the Great Wall10)用在习语中如:look the same in the daytime in the morning by the way口诀:定冠词用法有规律,防止遗志很容易。 特指双方都熟悉, 上文已经被提及。 世上无二仅独一, 序数词和最高级。 山河海岛建筑物, 姓氏复数奏乐器。 少数形表人一类, 方位名词须牢记。 普构专有惯用词, 试用此诀有效率
10、。1) He is _ strongest pupil in our class.A. a B. an C. the2) _ sun is bigger than _ moon. A. The, the B. /, / C. The, /3) China is one of the _oldest countries in _world.A.the,the B.the,/ C.a,a D.an,the【答案】C A A【解析】1. 考查最高级前需用定冠词the,故选C。2.考查世界上独一无二是事物前用定冠词the,故选A。3.考查定冠词的用法,故选A。1)专有名词(国民,地名,人名)、物质名词
11、和抽象名词等不可数名词前如:China,water,music2)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词或不定代词等限定词如:The letter is in her bag. I have some questions.3)复数名词表示泛指如:Books are useful.4)球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前如:We have English and math every day.5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前如:June 1 is Childrens Day6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前如:I like red.I can speak English . Headmast
12、er Li comes to Class 5.7)某些固定词组或习惯用语中如:at night, go to school, by bus at home on, foot at first at last,at once口诀:下列情况不用冠,代词限定名词前; 专有名词不可数,球类学科与三餐; 复数名词表泛指,节日月份星期前; 颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。1) At _ home _ Beijing play _ chess have _ lunch 2)Tom is playing _ football, and Lily is playing_ piano. A. /, / B. th
13、e, / C. /, the【答案】1)不填; 不填; 不填; 不填 2) C【解析】1. 考查零冠词的用法。2. 球类运动前不加冠词,乐器前加定冠词,故选C。在下列名词前填上a或者an,不需要的地方划/1._English girl 2._hot weather 3._black pen 4._clean park5._old hotel 6._red skirt7._blue ink 8._small clock9._big apple 10._wonderful music【答案】1.an 2./ 3. a 4. a 5. an 6. a 7. / 8.a 9. a 10. /【解析】本
14、题考查不定冠词。定冠词,零冠词的最基本用法。1. Do you like playing _ tennis or _ piano? A. the; the B. the; / C. /; / D. /; the2. There is _ “u” in the word “useful”. A. a B. / C. an D. the 3.There are sixty minutes in_hour.A.an B. the C.a D./4.Which is bigger,_elephant or_horse?A.a,the B. an,a C.the, a D.,an, the5. Pari
15、s is_capital of France.A.a B./ C.one D.the6._Unite States lies in North American.A.An B.A C.The D./7.Bill is a_boy. He is_English boy.A.a,the B.a,an C.the,an D.an.an8.There ismap of the world onwall. _map is mine.A. a, a, A B. a, the, The C. the, the, The D. the, the, A 9.Shanghai is in _east of Chi
16、na.A.an B.a C.the D./10. Everyone should respect_old and_young.A.the,the B.an, the C.a, a D./,/【答案】二、1-5 DAABD 6-10CBBCA【解析】1. 本题考查球类运动前和乐器前分别用零冠词和定冠词,故选D。2. 本题考查不定冠词a和an 的区别,虽然是元音字母u但是以辅音发音开头辅音,故选A。3. 本题考查“ hour”中“h”不发音,故选不定冠词“an”,故选A。4. 本题考查不定冠词a, an的基本用法,表示一类,故选B。5. 本题考查定冠词the的基本用法,表示特指,故选D。6. 本题
17、考查定冠词the的基本用法,用于专有名词前,故选C。7. 本题考查不定冠词的用法,表示一个,并且考查不定冠词a和an 的用法区别,故选B。8. 第一空考查不定冠词表示一个的基本用法,第二空考查表示地址的定冠词的用法,第三空考查文章第二次出现的名词的定冠词the的用法,故选B。9. 本题考查表示方位的定冠词the的基本用法,故选C。10. 本题考查定冠词the的基本用法,用于形容词前,表示一类人,故选A。The Old CatAn old woman had a cat. The cat was very old. She could not run quickly, and she could
18、 not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse. She jumped and caught the mouse, but she could not bite it. So the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it. Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began
19、to hit the cat. The cat said, Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I had caught a lot of mice, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young. 让小升初学生对冠词的熟悉并运用,对于小升初学生来说是非常有必要的,并且,冠词也是初中高中必考知识。学完本节课学生应该掌握以下
20、几个方面的知识点,检测一下你学会了吗?1. 冠词的定义2. 冠词在句子中的作用3. 冠词的分类4. 不定冠词以及定冠词的用法5. 掌握不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的口诀一、用a an the / 填空1. No news is _ good news. 2.There is _ “a” on his paper. 3. I ate _apple .Its _red apple. 4._tall man over there is my boss. 5._earth moves around _ sun. 二、单项选择1. Mr. Wang bought _ house._ house is not
21、 far from the lake .A a, An B the, The C a, The2. Would you please pass me _sugar on the table ? A a B the C an 3. _earth we live on is bigger than _ moon.A. The, a B. The, the C. A , the4. _ Blacks are going to the park this Sunday. Why dont we go for _ walk ? A . A, a B. The, a C. The, the5. _ ele
22、phant is _ useful animal .A. An; an B. An; a C. The; an6. His aunt will be back in _ hour .A. a B. an C. the7. I have _ important meeting to attend .A. a B. an C. the 8. She is too tired ,so she wants to have_ rest . A. a B. an C. the 【答案】一、1、a 2.an 3.an, a 4.The 5.The, the 二、1-5 A B B B B 6-8 B B A【解析】1. 第一个house首次出现,单数表泛指,所以用a, 第二个house再次出现,用the,故选A。2. 双方都知道的物体用the,故选B。3. 世界上独一无二的事物前用the,故选B。4. The+姓氏表示一家人,for a walk固定搭配,故选B。5. 强调整体,表示一类,用不定冠词+名词,故选B。6. 表示一个小时用an hour,故选B。7. 一个重要的会议,用不定冠词,又是一位important是以元音开头,所以用an,故选B。8. Have a rest 属于冠词的固定搭配,故选A。
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