中考英语总复习备考语法突破并列句和复合句专项复习及专项练习附答案及解析.docx

1、中考英语总复习备考语法突破并列句和复合句专项复习及专项练习附答案及解析并列句和复合句专项复习及专项练习一、并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列句。常见分类：1表示同等、平行或承接关系，常用连词有and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as等。2表示转折关系，常用连词有but，yet（然而），while（而）等。3表示选择关系，常见连词有or，not.but（不是而是），either.or.（要么要么）等。4表示因果关系，常见连词有as，for（因为），so等。二、复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构

2、成的句子叫复合句。从句须由关联词引导。初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。考点一宾语从句在主从复合句中作主句宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序。Do you know how much the house is?你知道这房子多少钱吗？2宾语从句的引导词引导词举例由that引导I know （that）you are a good man.我知道你是个好人。由if或whether引导I dont know if he can come.我不知道是否他能来。由连接代词who，what，whose引导Did you find out who sto

3、le the money?你查明了是谁偷的钱吗？由连接副词when，why，where，how引导The granny doesnt know where the bus stop is.那位老奶奶不知道公共汽车站在哪里。3.宾语从句的时态用法举例当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时态时，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定（可以是任意时态）I hear that he went to Hangzhou yesterday.我听说他昨天去杭州了。Mary says that she will leave China tomorrow.玛丽说她明天要离开中国。当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须用过去的某种时

4、态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时等）I thought that you were Li Mings brother.我原以为你是李明的弟弟。I heard that you were ill yesterday.我听说昨天你病了。如果宾语从句表示的是一个永恒不变的客观事实、普遍真理、科学原理、自然现象，即使主句是过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。When I was a little child，I knew that the sun is bigger

5、 than the moon.当我还是小孩子的时候，我就知道太阳比月亮大。4.否定转移现象用法举例主句的动词用think“认为”、expect“期待”、guess“猜想”、imagine“想象”、believe“相信”、suppose“假如”、assume“假定”等连接一个具有否定意义的宾语从句时，否定词not要前移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式串连记忆：我认为（believe）我们期待（expect）的那个猜想（suppose）有假I dont think I can remember the 100 new words within one hour.我想我不能在一小时之内记住这10

6、0个生词。I dont believe that he will come tonight.我相信今晚他不会来。The little girl doesnt expect that she will see her parents soon.这个小女孩并不指望能很快见到她的父母。考点二定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that，which，who（whom，whose）和关系副词when，where，why。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起连接作用，又充当从句中的

7、一个成分。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为：先行词关系词定语从句。A doctor is a_person who looks_after peoples_health.医生是关心人身体健康的人。who是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。1.关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句总是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中一定要作从句中的一个成分。关系代词起名词或代词的作用，关系副词起副词或介词短语的作用。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。作宾语

8、时，可以省略。（1）先行词指人时，定语从句由who，whom，that引导，在从句中who，that可以作主语或宾语，whom只作宾语。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的那个人吗？The man who/that/whom my mother is talking to is Mr Wang.那个正和我妈妈谈话的人是王先生。（2）先行词指物时，定语从句由which，that引导，在从句中可以作主语或宾语。The book that/which I read yesterday is very interesting.昨天我看的那本书很

9、有趣。The doll that/which can sing costs 200 yuan.那个会唱歌的洋娃娃值200元。（3）whose 在定语从句中只用作定语，有时它还可以同of which互换。Please pass me the book whose cover/the cover of which is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。2关系代词that/which/who的用法区别关系代词that，which可以指物，that和who可以指人，其用法有如下区别：（1）只可用that引导的定语从句当先行词为everything，nothing，something，anything

10、等不定代词时。We should do everything that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切对人民有用的事。先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much等修饰时。You can take any seat that is free.你可以坐任何一个空位。先行词被the only，the very，the right等词修饰时。He is the very man that Im looking for.他正是我正在找的那个人。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best movie that I have

11、 seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。当先行词被序数词修饰时。This is the second time that you have told us the story.这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了。当先行词同时含有人和物时。We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我们谈论我们所感兴趣的人和事。（2）只用which引导的定语从句当关系代词前使用介词时，只能用which，不能用that。This is the train by which we went to Beijing.这就是我们去北京乘坐的

12、那班列车。在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主句隔开，若去掉从句，整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句）中。Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.足球，一项非常有趣的运动，全世界人都在踢。（3）表示人时，当先行词为everybody，anybody，everyone，anyone等时要用who，而不用that。Is there anyone who can answer this question?有人会回答这个问题吗？3关系副词引导的定语从句（1）关系副词在定语从句中作状语，when用在表示

13、时间的名词后，where用在表示地点的名词后，why用在表示原因的名词后。when，where，why的含义相当于“介词which”结构，因此常常和“介词which”结构互换使用。I still remember the day when/on which I first met him.我依然记得我第一次遇到他的那一天。Changsha is the place where/in which I was born.长沙是我的出生地。Is this the reason why/for which he was late this morning?这就是他今早迟到的理由吗？（2）当先行词虽然表

14、示时间、地点或原因，但关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时，不可用when，where或why，而应用that或which。Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake.（作状语）Hangzhou is a city that/which has a beautiful lake.（作主语）Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.（作状语）Ill never forget the day that/which we spent together.考点三状语从句状语从句在

15、复合句中起状语的作用，修饰主句中的谓语、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句，地点状语从句等等。从句类型从句引导词例句时间状语从句when；while；before；after；until；since；as soon asI didnt go home until 10：00 pm.我直到晚上十点才回家。I will call you as soon as I see him.我一看到他就会给你打电话。条件状语从句if；unl

16、ess；as long asIf I am free，I will go shopping.如果我有空，我将去购物。目的状语从句so that；in order thatI got up early so that I could catch the early bus.为了赶上早班车，我起床很早。让步状语从句though/although；even if；whatever；wherever；wheneverThough he is young，he knows a lot.虽然他很年轻，他知道很多。原因状语从句because；since；as；forTom isnt here because

17、 he is ill.汤姆不在这儿因为他病了。结果状语从句so.that；such.thatHe plays basketball so well that many Americans have become his fans.他篮球打得如此好以至于很多美国人也成了他的粉丝。比较状语从句than；as.as.；not as/so.as.Im as old as Bob.我和鲍勃年龄一样大。地点状语从句where；whereverWhere there is a will，there is a way.哪里有希望，哪有就有出路。（有志者事竟成。）专项演练1Do you know the lad

18、y _is talking with Mr Smith?Yes，shes our new chemistry teacher，Miss Brown.AwhoBwhichCwhom2People often like clothes _ can make them look young.Awhen Bwho Cthat 3John is the boy_legs were badly injured in the accident.Awhose Bthat Cwho 4 The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited.Awho Bwh

19、en Cthat 5Excuse me，could you please tell me_？Sorry，Im new here.I dont know the way，either.Awhere is Suxian MountainBwhere Suxian Mountain isCSuxian Mountain is where 6The teacher asked Li Hua _.Awhy he was late for classBwhy was he late for classCwhy is he late for class7 I dont know _.Awhen the tr

20、ain will leaveBwhen will the train leaveCthe train will leave when8Gina loves singers _ write their own music.Awhich Bwho Cwhose9What a new computer！Can you tell me _？Just the day before yesterday.Ahow much you paid for itBhow much did you pay for itCwhen you bought it10Do you know _？Next Sunday.Awh

21、at they will doBwhere they will goCwhen they will come here11Ill never forget the day _ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech.Athat Bwhich Cwhen12What kind of movies do you like?I like the movies _ are about Chinese history.Awho Bwhom Cthat13I hate people _ dont help others whe

22、n they are in trouble.Awho Bwhich Cwhose14Betty will ring me up when she _ in Beijing.Aarrive Barrives Carrived15If you _ your homework，you can go out to play football.Afinish Bwill finish Care finishing参考答案 并列句和复合句专题提升演练1A先行词是指人的名词，且在定语从句中作主语，可知关系代词用who，故选A项。2C先行词是clothes，是物，且在定语从句中作主语，可知关系代词用that，

23、故选C项。3A先行词the boy与legs之间存在所有关系，故用whose。4C先行词place是物，且作定语从句中visit的宾语，故用that引导定语从句。5B由宾语从句用陈述语序可知答案为B项。6A由宾语从句用陈述语序可知答案为A项。7A由宾语从句用陈述语序可知答案为A项。8B由先行词是singers且引导词在从句中作主语故关系代词用who。9C从句应用陈述语序，故排除B项；由答语“前天”知问的是时间，故选C项。10C由答语 “Next Sunday” 可判断宾语从句的引导词应当是对时间进行提问，所以答案为C项。11C句意：我从来不会忘记这位伟大的科学家来我们学校给我们做演讲的这一天。从句中有主语，也有宾语，可判断先行词作状语，表示时间用when。that和which是关系代词，作主语或宾语。故选C项。12C由先行词the movies 可知定语从句的引导词指物，因此排除A、B项。选C项。13A由先行词people 决定定语从句的引导词指人，并且作主语，故选A项。14B由句意“贝蒂到达北京时将给我打电话。”可知，是由when引导的时间状语从句，该复合句结构为“主句用将来时，从句使用一般现在时”。即“主将从现”。故选B项。15A在if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。