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土木工程英语专业词汇小集.docx

1、土木工程英语专业词汇小集 一、绪论土木(Civil) 土木工程(Civil engineering)土木工程师(Civil engineers) 施工管理(construction management)城市规划师(urban planners) 施工工程(construction engineering)工程管理(engineering management) 工程教学(engineering teaching)二、材料材料(materials)温度(temperature)膨胀(expand)收缩(contract)混凝土(concrete) 钢筋混凝土(reinforced concre

2、te) 沥青(asphalt)砖(brick) 石材(stone) 木材( wooden) 钢材( steel)玻璃(glass) 抵抗(resist)压力(compression)挤压(squeeze)压碎(crush)拉力(tension)拉(pull) 纤维的(fibrous)装饰(decoration)饰品(ornament)Alloy steels(合金钢) Steel wires(钢丝)durability(耐久性)hydraulic cement(水硬性水泥)lime(石灰)3、基础工程土工试验(soil experiments)自重(the own weight)岩土工程(Ge

3、otechnical engineering) 岩土特性分析(analyze the properties of soils and rocks)沉降(settlement) 基础(foundation)坡体(slopes)填土(fills)压缩(compaction)颗粒(particle)淤泥(silt)粘土(clay)砂(sand)砾石(gravel)岩石(rock)稳定(stability)强度(strength)上部结构( superstructure)下部结构( substructure)变形(deform) 回弹(rebound) 时间相关的(time-dependent)施加(

4、impose)隆起(heave)不均匀的(uneven)倾斜的(leaning)开裂(crack)倒塌(collapse)扩展基础(spread footing)raftor mat(筏式基础)土力学(soil mechanics)桩(pile)The allowable bearing pressure(允许承载力)building code(建筑规范)grade beam(地梁)the retention of earth(填土)slide(滑移)overturn(倾覆)rigid(刚性的)discontinuity(不连续性)floating foundation(浮式基础) surve

5、y(勘察)samples of soil and rock(岩土试样)Bore(钻孔) 地基土(subsoil)shear(剪力)4、建筑工程建筑物(building)建筑学(architecture)结构(structures)结构工程(structural engineering)梁(beam)跨越(span)弯曲(bend)支座(support)柱(column)应力(stress),柱(post)框架(frame) 外墙(exterior walls)承重墙(bearing walls)柱(post)过梁(lintel)简支梁(simple beam) 骨架(skeleton) 悬臂的

6、(cantilever)特种结构(special structures )可居住的(habitable)自然采光(natural light) 人工照明(artificial light)耐久性(permanence)砌体(masonry)筒体(tube) 刚度(stiffness)刚梁(rigid beam)刚性框架(rigid frames) 桁架(trusses)侧向稳定( lateral stability)公共建筑(public building)高层建筑(tall buildings)超高层建筑(ultrahigh rise buildings)围护(skin)应力蒙皮(stres

7、sed-skin) 风荷载(wind load)刚性带桁架框架(frames with rigid belt trusses)框筒(framed tube)束筒(bundled tube)滑移(drift)筒中筒(tube in tube)剪力墙(shear wall) 组合体系(composite system)。5、交通土建交通(transportation )交通工程(transportation engineering)公共设施(public facilities) 公共交通(mass transit) 铁路(railroad)公路(highway)expressway(高速公路)6、

8、桥梁桥梁(bridge) 悬索桥(suspension bridge)桥墩(bridge pier)悬臂桥(cantilever bridge)悬臂(corbel)7、隧道 隧道(tunnels)锚固(anchor)港口 水利水电 给排水 防灾减灾计算机大坝(dams)滨海(offshore)海港(harbors)水利工程(water resources engineering)防洪(prevent floods)供水(supply water )灌溉(irrigation) 运河(canals)Sea Works(海洋工程)martime engineering (海事工程)Fishing

9、ports(渔港) marinas(码头)Reclamation and conservancy(填海与保护)estuaries(河口)Hydraulic(水力的),Natural harbor(天然海港),artificial harbor(人工海港),Tidal cycle(潮汐周期),scour(冲刷),siltation(淤积),breakwater(防波堤),Secondary wave(次生波),Reflected wave(反射波),disturbances(干扰),Bay(海湾),jetty(防波堤),mole(防波堤)。水闸(locks)大型水电坝(huge hydroele

10、ctric dams) 水围堰(water impoundments )给水(water)排水(sewage)管线(pipelines)管道工程(Pipeline engineering)地下水( groundwater )结构抗震(protect structures against earthquakes)地震(earthquake) 柔性的(flexible)索(cable) 桥台(abutment)cantilever(悬臂梁),truss(桁架),arch(拱),suspension(悬索), cofferdams(围堰),caissons(沉箱), piles(桩)。dam(水坝)

11、discharge(流量), hydrauelectric(水电的),navigation(航行),spillways(泄洪道),gates(闸门),valves(阀门),tunnels(隧道),pipelines(管道),evacuate(开挖),reservoir(水库),rockfill(填石),masonry(砌体),abutments(墩台)。Site(场地),investigation(调查),boring(钻孔),strata(地层),shaft(钻杆),elasticity(弹性),permeability(渗透性),stress(应力),groundwater(地下水),as

12、sess(评估),seismic(地震),hydraulic(水力的),Finite Element Analysis(有限单元分析),equilibrium(平衡),strain(应变)。Tensile strength(抗拉强度),compressive strength(抗拉强度),support(支撑),vertical(垂直的),load(荷载),concrete(砼),cement(水泥),shrink(收缩),set(凝固),harden(硬化),crack(开裂),cast(浇注),blend(掺和),resistence(抵抗),aggregate(骨料),fine-grai

13、ned(细颗粒的),fly ash(粉煤灰),filler(填充剂),volume(量),addivitives(添加剂),surface-active agents(表面活化剂),air-entraining agents(引气剂),water-to-cement ratio(水灰比),cool(冷却),extract(提取),vacuum(真空)。Permeable(可渗透的),resistance(抵抗),deterioration(侵蚀),deformation(变形),seepage(渗透),quick(流砂),fluid(流体),earthquake(地震),seismically

14、 active region(地震活动带),strong ground motion(强地动),response(响应),predict(预言),degree of freedom(自由度),damping(阻尼)。Highway(公路),maintenance(维护),financing(筹款),traffic(交通),assess(评估),layout(布局),capacity(容量),route(线路),preliminary(初步的),alternate(备选的),detailed design(详细设计),terrain(地形),traverse(横过),photogrammetri

15、c(摄影测量的),stage(阶段),phase(阶段),evaluation(评价)。Delay(延期),coordinate(协调),preserve(保护),propose(提议),blueprints(蓝图),earthwork(土方工程),surfacing(路面),grading(场地平整),excavate(开挖),fill(填),analyze the gradation(颗粒分析),compact(压缩)。Surfacing(铺面),accommodate(容纳),frequency(频率),roadway(路面),sandy clay(砂质粘土),slag(矿碴),crus

16、hed stone(碎石),gravel(砾石),stabilize(稳定),subgrade(路基),roller(滚压机),soil-cement(水泥土),bituminous(沥青的),surface drainage(地表排水),crown(路冠),shoulder(路肩),open ditches(明沟),storm drainage system(暴雨排水系统),catchbasin(集水井),runoff(径流),duration(持续时间)Ponding(积水),spacing(间距),precipitation(降水量),flow(水流),culvert(涵管),rough

17、ness(粗糙度),entrance(入口),downstream(下游),conduit(导管),outlet(出水口)。Rest facilities(休息设施),rest stops(休息站),interstate highways(州际公路),access(入口),noise barriers(隔音墙),subgrade(路基),staking out(放样),award(授予),contract(合同),detailed plan(详细规划),specifications(说明),lay out(布置),indicate(标示),settlement(沉降),vibratory(振动

18、的),maintenance(维护),signs(路标),guard rails(护栏),traffic striping(交通带),retaining walls(挡土墙),side slopes(边坡),supervising(监督)。Soil mechanics(土力学),laws of mechanics(力学定律),hydraulics(水力学),aggregate(集合),mineral grains(矿物颗粒),organic(有机的),constituents(成份),weathering(风化),three phases(三相),composition(组成),heterog

19、eneity(不均匀性),deposits(沉积土),retaining wall(挡土墙),earth pressure(土压力),equilibrium(平衡),cohesion(粘聚力), plasticity(塑性),sand(砂土),clay(粘土),shearing(受剪的),sliding(滑动),the surface of rupture(破坏面),shearing force(剪力),approximation(近似),cohesive soils(粘性土), Curved surface(曲面),the surface of slip(滑动面)。Consolidation

20、(固结),lag(滞后),settlement(沉降),waterlogged(浸水的),samples(试样),testing on the site(现场试验),testing in the laboratory(室内试验),internal friction(内摩擦角),cohesion(粘聚力),compressibility(可压缩性),elasticity(弹性),permeability(渗透性),capillarity(毛细管作用),moisture(水份),soil particles(土颗粒)。Tamping(夯打),load-bearing strength(承载力),e

21、lastic soils(弹性土),expansible soils(可膨胀土),flexible(柔性的),expand(膨胀),freezing-thawing cycles(冻融循环),wetting-drying cycles(湿干循环),soil grains(土颗粒),plane of free water(自由水面),volume(体积),stability(稳定性),instrument(仪器),stabilometer(稳定计),consolidation(固结),site investigation(场地勘察),survey(调查),visual investigation

22、(肉眼鉴定),elaborate(详细的),subsurface(地下的),exploration(勘探),boring(钻孔),laboratory testing(室内测试), Samples(试样),identification(识别),classification(分类),grain size(颗粒大小),liquid limit(液限),plastic limit(塑限)。Topography(地形),geological features(地质特征),outcrop(岩面露头),lake bed(湖床),weathered remnants(风化残积),paleontologica

23、l maps(地质年代图),aerial photographs(航空拍照),well logs(钻井记录),excavation(开挖),geophysical exploration(地质勘探),seismic(地震的),strata(地层),propagation(传播),shock waves(冲击波),bedrock(基岩),reflected wave(反射波),probe rod(探杆),penetration resistance(贯入阻力),water jets(喷水式推进器),augers(螺旋钻),drilling(钻孔),chip(切片),trenches(沟),pit

24、s(坑),Pneumatic drilling(气动钻),diamond drilling(金刚钻),boreholes(钻孔),retain(保存),inspection(验收),in-place density(原位密度)。Foundation(基础),multistory(多层的),footing(扩展基础),earth-fill dam(填土坝),pile(桩基础),pile cap(桩台),foundation system(基础体系),reaction(反力),impose(施加),total settlement(总沉降),differential settlement(沉降差)

25、,withstand(承受),mat foundation(筏式基础),slab foundation(板式基础),caisson(沉箱),transfer(传递),superstructure(上部结构),transmit(传递),substructure(下部结构),Spread foundation(扩展基础),reinforced concrete(钢筋混凝土),plain concrete(素混凝土),masonry(砌体),combined footing(联立基础),cantilever footing(悬臂基础),building line(建筑红线),exterior wal

26、l(外墙),continuous footing(连续基础),pile tip(桩尖),wall footing(墙基)。Floor slab(楼板),the groundwater level(地下水位),well points(井点降水),pumping(抽水),deep well(深井),sumps(集水坑),dewater(降水),electroosmosis(电渗降水),cutoff wall(截水墙),grout(水泥浆),periphery(周边),subside(下沉),basement(地下室),the hydrostatic pressures of the water(静

27、水压力),soil backfill(回填土),uplift(上浮的),anchor(锚固),infiltrating(渗透),joint(连接),encase(包裹),impermeable(不渗透的),membrane(薄膜),coat(涂抹),asphaltic mastic(沥青胶),permeability(渗透性), retaining wall(挡土墙),abutment(墩台),weep hole(泄水孔)。Expansive soil(膨胀土),swell(膨胀),contract(收缩),nonexpansive(非膨胀的),alter(替换),admixture(混合物)

28、,lime(石灰),flexibility(柔性),underpinning(托换),remedial(补救的),precautionary(预防的),defect(缺陷),settle(下沉),beneath(下面),confined(狭窄的),pit(坑),sheeting(挡板),caving(坍塌),stratum(地层),form(模板),continuous wall(连续墙),intermittent(间断的)。Construction engineering(施工工程),scheduling(安排工期),delay(延误),allot(分配),contractor(承包商),f

29、abrication(安装),inspect(检查),formwork(模板),cofferdam(围护)。Progress control(进度控制),cost control(成本控制),unit cost(单位成本),budget(预算),periodically(周期性地),payroll(工资),allocation(分配),overrun(超支),labor costs(人工费),supervision(监管),earthmoving(运土),foundation treatment(地基处理),erection(安装),concrete placement(砼浇注),asphal

30、t paving(沥青铺面),electrical(电力的),mechanical(机械的),installation(安装),dismantled(拆除)。Elevation(标高),topsoil(表层土),landscape(景观),contamination(污染),blasting(爆破),fragment(粉碎),explosive(炸药),defect(缺陷),strengthen(加强),cavity(洞穴),fissure(裂隙),fault(断层),grouting(灌浆),injection(注入),fluid(流体),solidify(固化),precipitating

31、(掺入),assembly(安装),riveting(铆接),bolting(栓接),welding(焊接),anchorage(锚锭)。Forming(支模),curing(养护),bracing(支撑),slip-forming(滑模),lift(提升),rod(杆),embed(埋设),aggregate(骨料),crusher(破碎机),screen(粗筛),paving(铺设),contraction joint(收缩缝),roadbed(路基)。Building materials(建筑材料),physical properties(物理性质),permanently(永久地),deform(变形),stretch(伸长),bend(弯曲),elasticity(弹性),brittle(脆性的),plastic(塑性的),yield strength(屈服强度),fracture(断裂),ultimate strength(极限强度),stiffness(刚度),elastic modulus(弹性模量),masonry(砌体),bonding agent(粘合剂),cement mortar(水泥浆),bricks of burnt clay(烧结粘土砖),slate(页岩),concrete block(砼块),ultimate com

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