20xx年考研英语阅读理解答案试题解析.docx

1、20xx年考研英语阅读理解答案试题解析20xx 年答案试题解析 阅读理解Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.考点分析（the most）本句的意思是 过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响

2、力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落 .It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in mostbig-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in

3、 the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaperreviews. To read such books today is to marvel heat tfact that their learnedcontents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.考点分析 to the point of 到.地步 转折常考，出 21 题。 然而，在 20 世纪大量的最重要的批评集是有报纸评论组成的。 本句强调 20 世纪的报纸评论数量很

4、多。 沿着上句的意思论述：如今读到这样的书的人不禁会对下面这个事实感到惊讶 :这些评论之前竟然被认为适合在面向大众的日报上刊登。21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D young reade

5、rs doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.正确选项解析 B 由第一段的 decline in scope 和第二段的 aconsiderable number 都在强调以前的报纸关于艺术评论数量很多，所以选择 B干扰选项分析 A 比较容易排除。与第一段 矛盾，原文只是说 decline, 即下降，没有说消失（ disappear）1/ 15C 比较容易排除。 高质量的报纸未丧失大量的读者 。无中生有。D 强干扰项。 年轻的读者怀疑报纸上的评论不合适 。原文 ：牛津高阶英汉双解词典 marvel v. be very surprised (

6、and often admiring) 大为惊讶（常含赞叹之意），表明其实读者是赞同：这些评论可以再报纸上刊登的。这里的 doubt 表示怀疑，所以与 marvel 意思相反。We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criti

7、cism was consideredan ornament to the publications in which it appeared. -off days,Inthoseitwasfartaken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at lengthabout the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business. and even thosereviews who wore their learning lightly,

8、 like George Bernard Shaw and ErnestNewman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believjournalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, that I am temp

9、ted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.考点分析 否定常考（unfocused）出 22 题。承接上文，上文讲我们的评论数量减少，这里继续讲我们甚至离 20 世纪初到二战期间的报纸评论也相差很远。Even farther removed from 表明作者的惋惜之情。 in detail and at length 详细的 serious 严肃的 calling 对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感 proud 骄傲上面的这些词都表明二战

10、前的报纸评论的风格。 否定常考，出 23 题。 因此，几乎没有人有足够的智慧或文学天赋在新闻事业上成就自己，我更喜欢吧新闻事业定义为 被假作家耻辱地使用了的术语，对真作家来说，他们不足挂齿 。其实本句话中 Newman wrote, 后面的根本不需要看懂。22.Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized by A free themes.B casual style.C elaborate layout.2/ 15D radical viewpoints.正确选项解析 A unfocused 的英文解释：

11、 not concentrated at one point orupon one objective, free 的英文解释是 unrestricted ，所以 unfocused = free ,属于同义替换。干扰选项分析B请看牛津高阶英汉双解词典 字典对 casual 的解释：（ a）made or done without much care or thought; offhand 不经意的 ; 随便的 ; 马虎的 ; 临时的 (b)(derog 贬) showing little concern; nonchalant; irresponsible 漠不关心的 ; 无动於衷的; 不负

12、责任的 (c) not methodical or thorough; not serious 无条理的 ; 不彻底的 ;不认真的 .这几个意思都是和 in detail and at length 详细的 serious 严肃的 calling 对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感 proud 骄傲 相矛盾的。所以不选。C 强干扰项。 elaborate 可以替换原文中的 in detail ，但是 layout(布局 )无中生有，所以本题与原文不相符合。D radical 激进的 无中生有。23.Which of the following would shaw and Newman most

13、probably agree on? A It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists. C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism. D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.正确选项解析 D 对 同义替换。 Few= not all ，have brains enough or literary gift enoug

14、h =capable of注意： D 选项中 not all 属于部分否定 ,语气委婉，在选项中出现往往正确。干扰选项分析 A journalistic goals(新闻业的目标 )，无中生有。 B 作家成为记者是值得鄙视的。 与 的 proud （自豪的）相反。 C 作者容易被新闻业吸引 。3/ 15对 偷梁换柱。原文说的是被 define journalism as. 所吸引，而不是被 journalism 所吸引。 Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Carduwrote for the Manches

15、ter Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. Durlifetime, though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, and astylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a bestseller-. Hewas

16、knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet onlbooks is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.考点分析 否定常考 +段首常考。 不幸的是，这些批评家几乎被忘记了。 言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之情。 - 是举 Neville Cardus的例子来论证以前的评论家怎么被忘记的，可以略读。Is there any chance that Carduss criticism

17、 will enjoy a revival?prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose inwhich he specialized. Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.考点分析 特殊标点常考，出 2

18、5 题。笔者在课堂中反复强调出现问号是必考的。 Cardus那样的评论会重现吗？不太可能！ 再一次点明了作者所讨论的中心：报纸行业的堕落（ decline），要注意 decline 与 中的 revival 是反义词。 讲理由，出 24 题。（编辑：白天骄）24.What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs? A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B His reputation as a music critic has long

19、 been in dispute. C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.4/ 15正确选项解析 A 说新闻业的品味已经改变，读者不需要（ have little usefor ）他所擅长的风格，所以 Carduss criticism 不可能复苏。而 A Carduss criticism也许不能吸引当今的读者。 注意 have little use for= not appeal to同时本选项还有 may,这个语气委婉的词，符

20、合黄四 正确答案语气委婉 。干扰选项分析 B 原文没有提到他的名声有争议，所以无中生有。C 他的风格符合现在的专家 与本段最后一句相矛盾。D移花接木，是利用最后一句话编造的选项。25.What would be the best title for the text? A Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB The Lost Horizon in Newspapers C Mournful Decline of JournalismD Prominent Critics in Memory正确选项解析主旨题，可以利用串线法解出本题。第一段开宗明义：过去这些年英语报

21、纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落（ decline）。第二段承接第一段的意思。第三段首句： 不幸的是，这些批评家几乎被忘记了。 言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之情。第四段： Cardus那样的评论会重现吗？不太可能！ 再一次点明了作者所讨论的中心：报纸行业的堕落（ decline），所以 C：令人惋惜的新闻业的堕落。mournful 是大纲词汇。干扰选项分析 A 报纸行业过去的黄金岁月 。没有点出作者对现在的报纸的惋惜之情B 报纸行业的消失的视野 本选项的错误类型和 A 一样。D 记忆中的杰出的评论家 本文的中心不是怀恋过去，而是批判现在的堕落。5/

22、15Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what arecalled business methods. received one for its -click“ one” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box.本段是背景段，讲过去的事情。只需看懂

23、第一句 “过去的几十年中，上千个商业方法被授予专利。 ”26.Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of A their limited value to businessB their connection with asset allocation C the possible restriction on their grantingD the controversy over authorization选 C，根正苗红的同义替换。 possible= potential ， eliminate= re

24、striction A无中生有 B 用第一段的一个小例子中的细节捏造选项 D controversy 无中生有。27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?BIt involves a very big business transactionCIt has been dismissed by the Federal CircuitDIt may change the legal practices in the U.S.选 D potential= may ,change 对应着第一段和第二段之间的转折。从本段的review，e

25、liminate 也可以看出这是一种转折。全文一直没有讲 Bilski case的判决的结果，而 A C都是在讲其判决结果，所以与原文相反。 B 是从原文 “ a“ very big deal字面”意识出发设置的干扰选项。 a big deal 其实在英文中的意思是“重要 ”，而不是 “生意（ transaction）”本题 D还有 may ,正确答案往往语气委婉，所以更加确定选这个选项。A loss of good will6/ 15Bincrease of hostilityCchange of attitudeDenhancement of disnity本题是词汇题，一定要返回原文通过

26、上下文解题。 Because 之前是说对business-method 的约束（ curbs）,而 because之后说的是 “正是联邦审判引入了 business-method ”，所以二者之间自然表明了是 “态度的转变 ”。所以选 CThe Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in theenergy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the casewould be heard by all 12

27、 of the court s judges, rather than a typical panel of threand that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should “ reconsiderstreet Bank ruling.本段第一句话没有看懂，直接跳过。第二句讲 “联邦审判要求这个案子要 12 个法官审，而不是普通的 3 人小组，并且要求判断是否要重新考虑之前的 Bankruling 由”本句可以排除 29 A第一句：最高法院已经减少了对专利持有者的保护 (protection) 。而 29C 减少了对专利持有者的

28、尊重（ esteem）.其中 esteem 是对 protection 的偷梁换柱。第二句：举例子。法官发出信号： too many （过多的专利被授予了），表明法院认为很多 business-method 不应该被授予，所以选 B too many =oftenunnecessarily. D无中生有。29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents A are immune to legal challengesBare often unnecessarily issuedClower the est

29、eem for patent holdersDincrease the incidence of risks见上文的解析。本题 A B 两项相反必去7/ 15一。30.Which of the following would be the subject of the text? A A looming threat to business-method patentsB Protection for business-method patent holders C A legal case regarding business-method patentsD A prevailing tre

30、nd against business-method patents选择 A 。首先排除 B，与原文相反。 C大帽子。 A D的选择有一定难度。用串线法解题。第一段讲过去 business method 很容易被授予专利。其中第一段的最后一句话已经暗含着对这种做法的反对。第二段转折：将会用一个案例来全面审查商业方法专利。第三段：对 business method 的约束（ curbs）是法院态度的巨大转变。最后一段明确提出 reacting to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court .要注意的是原文始终没有说 Bilski case的判决，因此只是一个 looming (隐约地出现 )的 danger ，而不是已经盛行的趋势。Text 3考点分析 因果常考（driven），出 31 题A。Malcolm Aladuell 的观点 “社会流行的东西在很大程度上是有一小部分有影响力的人发动的，这些人见多识广，有说服力 ” 转折常考，出 31 题B。 “这个观点不能解释思想是如何传播的”。要注意： ideas actually spread= social epidemics这就意味着作者认为 influential 对 how id