英语语法大攻克状语从句讲解.docx

1、英语语法大攻克状语从句讲解初中英语语法梳理和提高20状语从句讲解 试题英语状语从句的用法（I）定义与用法：在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一谓语成分的从句叫状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于主句中间，前后用逗号。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等九类。 各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before条件If, unless原因As, beca

2、use, since地点Where目的So that, in order that结果So that, sothat, suchthat让步though, although, even if, however方式As比较than, (not)asas,一、时间状语从句时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：Awhen, while, as, whenever。when, while, as表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。分述如下：1whenwhen (at or during the tim

3、e that ) 既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。When I got home, my family were already having dinner.我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。（when表示点时间）The teacher came in when they were still talking and laughing,.当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（when表示段时间）【考例】Dont be afraid of asking for help _

4、it is needed. ( NMET2003单项填空)A. unless B. since C. although D. when 【思路点拨】答案为D此题考查when用作连接词用来引导时间状语从句。提示： 注意：当when引导时间状语从句时，从句中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时（主“将”从“现”）。【考例】-When _again?- When he_, I will let you know. (1988年全国卷)A. he comes,comes B. will he come, will come C. he comes, will come D. will he come, com

5、es当when引导时间状语从句时，状语从句的主语可以省略。【考例】Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _. A) scolding B) to scold C) having scolded D) scolded注意：when可以表示“正当时候突然”（= and at that moment/and suddenly then），这样使用的when只能跟在前一分句之后，此时的when常视作并列连词。常用于下列句式： Somebody was doing something when/ Somebody was about to do som

6、ething when /Somebody had just done something when这里when表示一种原来没有预料到的新情况出现。又是这一新情况打断了主句表示的正在进行的活动，或制止了即将发生的情况。在这种情况下，前面的分句常用进行式、完成式或be about +inf.之类。我们来看下面的例题：They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.他正要上床，忽然门

7、铃响了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。考例1 He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. (2002上海高考题)A. as B. until C. while D. when 考例2 I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard voices. A) as B) when C) after D) whole2

8、while while意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。while通常表示一段时间，主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。在when表示a period of time时，while和when两者可以互换。She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.她在看报的时候睡着了。（这里的while可换成when）Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁着（的一段时间里）”)提示：虽然during 与 while 意

9、思很相近，但是during是介词，不能引导从句。 while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成“而”，此时的while只能跟在前一分句之后。I am fond of English while he likes maths.我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。We slept while the captain kept watch.我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。 while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然”，等于although，此时的while引导的从句常放在句首。While they love their children, they are strict with them.虽然他们都爱他们的孩

10、子，但却对他们要求严格。考例 _ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. 2007 山东卷AAs BSince CIf DWhile3as as表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。但它还有一些特定的意义： as表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，从句中用延续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。The thief was caught as/ when he was stealing in the supermarket.小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。

11、（段时间）I saw Jim as/ when he left the meeting room.吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他。（点时间） as表示 “一边一边”，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。They talked as they walked.他们边走边聊。He looked behind from time to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。 as表示“随着”。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。4when, while, as的用法区别：简言之：

12、while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，切不可用瞬间动词。 when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。 as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。 when, while后可以接分词短语。注意：在下列情况下，三者之间不能完全替换使用：(1) 只有as, when 可以引导短暂性动作的动词。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 当我停车时，一个男子向我走来。注意：as更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。We listened to the singer si

13、ng as he played the guitar.我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。（一边一边同时）I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.你一张嘴我就知道你要说什幺。（紧接着一前一后的动作）As he grew older, he became less and less active.随着他年龄的增长，他变得越来越不活泼了。（伴随的变化）(2) when更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。He transplanted the little tree to the garden_ it was the best tim

14、e for it.(2005, 上海卷) A. where B. when C that D. until (这里强调特定时间)注意：当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone.当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。（从句动作发生在主句之前，注意主从句的时态）When I finally got there, he meeting had been on for ten minutes.当我最终赶

15、到那里时，会议已开始十分钟了。（从句动作发生在主句之后）(3) while引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须是持续的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比，同时while引导的从句一般用进行时。如：Please do not talk so loud while others are working.考例The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest. （2006年天津卷）A. since B. when C. as D. whil

16、e4Wheneverwhenever“无论何时”是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作，类似的表达还有each time/ every time等。You are always welcome whenever you come.无论你何时来都欢迎。Whenever(Every time/ Each time) we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。考例You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like.（2004, 重庆

17、卷）A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however5. as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, no sooner than , hardly/ scarcely when 表示“一就”的结构 这些从属连词或副词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。分述如下：1、as soon as 是最普通的表示“一就”的结构。注意：尽管动作有先后，但由于衔接紧密，as soon as从句和主句可以使用相同的时态。As so

18、on as I got home, it began to rain. 我一赶到家天就开始下雨。2、immediately, directly看起来是副词，但这里把它当连词用，等于as soon as。The boy burst into tears immediately(directly) he saw his mother. 3、the moment, the minute, the instant, the second这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.他说他一到家

19、就打开电视机。Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.告诉他，他一到我就要见他。The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。考例 Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? （2001, 北京春） Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 4、ha

20、rdly/ scarcelywhen; no sooner than 表示一就的结构这几个连词词组都是表示主句与从句动作随即发生，意为“一就“。主句动词用过去完成时。要注意no sooner than, hardly/scarcelywhen这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when的从句中谓语应用一般过去时，此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.我一赶

21、到家天就开始下雨。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 我一赶到家天就开始下雨。Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.考例 - Did Linda see the traffic accident?- No, no sooner _ than it happened. （2006年天津卷）A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she

22、gone D. she has gone7. till, until和notuntil 考例 It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson. (07天津卷) A. until B. after C. since D. when此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是做某事直至某时，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是直至某时才做某事。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。1) 肯定句：主句谓语动词必需是延续性动词，

23、主句从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间才停止”。He remained there until she arrived. 他一直留到她来。You may stay here until the rain stops.你在这里呆到雨停。 考例A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.（2003, 上海卷） A. when B. unless C. after D. until 2) 否定句：主句谓语动词可以是非延续性动词，从句是肯定式

24、，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6点才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。考例My uncle _ until he was forty-five.（2000，上海卷）A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry 3)till不可以放在句首，而until可以放在句首。如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what ha

25、ppened. 直到你告诉我，我才知道出了什么事。【考例研究】1. Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. （2009重庆卷） A. where B. that C. why D. when【解析】考查连词用法。此处句意为当他收到来自于他朋友邀请他去参观重庆的邀请时，他非常兴奋，故选D, 为时间状语从句，有句意可防止误选B.2She had just finished her homework _ her mother asked her to practice pl

26、aying the piano yesterday. （2009福建卷）A. when B. while C. after D. since【解析】考查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前已经完成，引导词的意思是：当的时候。【答案】A3. I wonder how much you charge for your services.- The first two are free _ the third costs $30.（2009安徽卷）A. whileB. until C. whenD. before【解析】这里起转折作用,while表示”但是”,可接句

27、子.”前两个免费,但第三个要收费30元” 【答案】A4. It just isnt fair; _ I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach. （2009辽宁卷）A whenever B. though C. for D. while 【解析】考查连词辨析。按照句意I和my ffiends前后对比，though虽然，但是仅有转折没有对比之意，while 意思是“然而，当-时，”既有转折，又有对比之意，符合句意.【答案】D 二条件状语从句：2(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例

28、如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurr

29、y up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。三原因状语从句：(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you c

30、ant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。四 地点状语从句： 地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如： Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.Put it where we can all s