牛津高中英语知识点总汇.docx

1、牛津高中英语知识点总汇牛津高中英语知识点总汇牛津高中英语知识点总汇 模块一Unit11.attributive clause定语从句定语从句：定语从句就像形容词或形容词短语一样修饰名词，而它所修饰的名词叫做先行词（antecedent）Eg. Adjective: the green team Prepositional phrase: the team in green Attributive clause: the team who were in green引导词：which, who, whom, whose, where, why, when做主语：The trees which a

2、re on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语：The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语：Jack is no longer a lazy boy that he used to be.做定语：She has a brother whose name I cant remember.做状语：The school where he studies is in Shenzhen.(1) 当表示事物时使用 which或thatEg. This is

3、the story that/which we wrote for our storytelling contest注：that较which用的更频繁且没有which正式(2) who用来表示人Eg. The girl who is the monitor of our class lives next door to me.(3)当先行词充当宾语成份时可用whom代替，whom更为正式Eg. The student who/whom we saw at the school gate is from American.(4)当先行词为不定代词sth, anything等时，只能用that.E

4、g. Ill tell you something that I have heard.(5)当表示物主关系时用whoseEg. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.Unit2一、介词which/介词whom1.当使用介词造从句时关系代词who/whom为介词的宾语Eg. You were to buy dog food with the money. The money is gone.The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.2.在非正式英语中，介词通常放于从句的末尾Eg. T

5、he Maths teacher is the person whom I got an A plus from.3.如果介词位于从句末尾，whom/which可用that代替，whom可以被who代替Eg. Dad is a person whom/that/who I can easily talk to.4.当关系代词充当介词宾语时，介词放在句尾，which/whom可省略Eg. The topic(which)Eric is interested in is physics.5.当in which/that放于way后面时，in which, that可以省略Eg. I dont li

6、ke the way (that/in which)she talked to me.二、关系副词when, where, why,1.当先行词为time, moment, day, season, year等时使用关系副词when来引导定语从句Eg. I often think of the moment when I saw the UFO.2.当先行词为place, house, city, country, would等时用whereEg. The police search the house where the thief had stayed.3.当先行词为reason时，用wh

7、yEg. I dont know the reason why the house is so dirty.4.在一些正式英语中，where, when, why, 可用介词which代替Eg. The study is the place where/in which I often have talks with my father.Unit3非限定性定语从句1.为主从句增加一个额外的信息的句子，句子前使用逗号隔开Eg. My pills are in the bathroom, where I always keep them.2.当前一个句子为整句，可用which去替代这个主从句Eg.

8、 He missed the show, which was a great pity.3.使用all/some of+whom/which来表达全部或部分数量Eg. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets.4.反义疑问句(1) 当前一个陈述句为肯定句时，后面为否定反问Eg. We can still be friends, cant we?(2)当主从句出现neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, little, never, hardly, seldom等这些否定意义的

9、词时后面应跟肯定反问Eg. No one has found my CD, have they?(3)祈使句的反义疑问句用将来时Eg. Lets have a break, shall we?模块二Unit1 1.现在完成时 have/has+done(1)我们用现在完成时来表达过去刚刚发生的动作，但与现在这个时刻相关（过去的动作影响现在的行为）Eg. The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.(2)谈论过去发生的动作并延续至今Eg. I have not seen Justin since last Friday nigh

10、t.注：当一个行为动作的时间给出了，我们使用一般过去时，而不用现在完成时Eg. Justin disappeared last Friday night.(3)当遇到already, ever, for, just, lately, never, recently, since, yet时使用现在完成时Eg. The police have just finished searching the area.(4)也可以使用现在完成时表达重复性动作Eg. Some villagers say that they have seen UFO many times.2.现在完成进行时(1)我们通常用

11、现在完成时来谈论过去发生的动作并且现在还在进行着Eg. I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.(2)使用现在完成进行时来谈论已经完成的动作但仍以某些方式与现在相关Eg. Kelly: Sorry Im late, have you been waiting long? Mavis: Yes, Ive been waiting for an hour.2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时(1)现在完成进行时谈论不久前刚完成的动作，现在完成进行时表示过去进行的动作但仍在继续进行着(2)现在完成进行时描述重复性的动作，现在完成进行时描述未停

12、止过的动作我们常使用“how many/how much” 对现在完成时提问，使用“how long”对现在完成进行时提问(3)我们使用状态动词(state verb)或行为动词（action verb）表达现在完成时，但现在完成进行时中只有行为动词Some action verb: do, go, playSome state verb: like, know, exitEg. I have had (sate verb) this camera for five years. I have taken (action verb) photos of UFOs with this camer

13、a.Unit21.将来进行时 will(not) be+verb ing用将来时谈论将来一段时间继续进行的动作（1）一个动作发生于一个点之前，之后还可能发生Eg. Toby will not be in London next Tuesday. He will be climbing in the Himalayas（2）不带意图的描述未来，是想表明一些事将自然发生，不是说话者刻意安排的动作Eg. The weather report says that it will be raining when we arrive in London.（3）礼貌性的询问关于别人将来的计划Eg. Will

14、 you be visiting your uncle in Tan zamia?2.过去将来时（1）用过去将来时，在过去谈论将来的要发生的动作Eg. They set off at 9.am and would reach the airport an hour later.（2）表明过去的一个安排Eg. I was going to leave, but then, it rained.（3）意味着将来的动作真实发生Eg. The journey that was to change, Tobys life started in July that year.Unit3过去完成时我们使用一

15、般过去时来谈论过去的动作，但当这个动作更过去时，使用过去完成时（1）用过去完成时提及说话时已经发生过的动作直接引语中的过去时和过去完成时尅变为间接引语中的过去完成时Eg. “We emptied the tomb of everything it contained”, said Carter. Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained.（2）用过去完成时表达一个在另一个动作之前的动作，不是说这个过去的动作发生了很长时间Eg. I had done my homework this morning

16、 before I went to the museum.（3）在过去完成时中常带此类时间词“when, after, as soon as, until, since, by, for, alreadyEg. Then a few months after Card had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon fell ill with a fever and died. 模块三Unit 1 Introduction to noun clause（名词性从句:名词性从句在句子中与n或n词组相同）名词性从句做主语：That I can pay back the he

17、lp people give me makes me happy.Why they have not left yet is unclear.It 做形式主语It was good news that everyone got back safely.名词性从句做宾语：在动词后：She sensed that she was being watched.在介词后：Im interested in who that tall man is.用it做形式宾语：We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.名词性从句做表语：My

18、question is whether jack can find her way home.名词性从句做同位语：The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.名词性从句由that 或if或whether 构成疑问词来引导No one knew if/whether he lost his sight because of an accident.Unit 2一，Noun clause introduced by question words由疑问词引导的名词性从句做主语:Where does a person come from? This

19、will affect their style of speech.Where a person comes from will affect their style of speech.做宾语Why does English have such strange rules? You can begin to see it!You can begin to see why English has such strange rules.作表语： Why is English a language with so many confusing rules? That is the reason.T

20、hat is why English is a language with so many confusing rules.在由疑问词引导的名词性从句中，疑问语序应转变为陈述语序。Where does a person come from? This will affect their style of speech.Where a person comes from will affect their style of speech.在任何情况下，疑问词都不省略疑问词二，Empty subject it（形式主语）名词性从句做句子主语It is certain that we would n

21、ot be able to understand old English today.主语是不定式It is hard to master a foreign language.主语是动词不定式v-ingIt is fun walking in the countryside.2. It 用在一些词前：Seem /appear/happen/chance/turn out /proveIt seems that he speaks two languages.3. It+be+the Word/phrase you emphasize +a clause introduced by that

22、or whoIt was last night (not any other time) that I read about the history of English.Unit 3一Object complement (宾语补足语：对宾语作出进一步的补充或说明)They called her the Loulan Beauty.模式：verb+object +object complement其形式经常以名次词组或形容词出现They made professor zhang chairman of the society.动词不定式或不带to的动词不定式They believed him

23、to be honest.Professor zhangs speech made us all laugh.介词词组We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.宾补与宾语在数量上保持一致She made joe her assistant.She made joe and sue her assistants.二eitheror and neither nor表选择1主语Either ann or jane should have arrived by now .谓语People either tired to escape or stayed

24、in their house.宾语We could choose to eat either noodles or rice.状语They are going to the museum either today or tomorrow.2表否定主语的否定Neither the museum nor the site itself interested her .谓语的否定They neither told me the location nor showed me the map.宾语的否定I ate neither the noodles nor the rice.状语的否定They we

25、nt there neither by train nor by air .3主谓一致谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致The city was founded in the 8th century BC.Two hours is too short for the visit.Both cities were very rich.主语是all of/most of /some of/half of /a part of +名词/代词,谓语与该名词或代词保持一致All of us have attended the lecture about Pompeii.Most of the lec

26、ture was about how the ancient city was discovered.集体名词：band /crowd/class/dozen/family/public/team主语表示一个组织或一个单位的概念时，谓语用单数Our team is very important to me.主语表示个体的概念时，谓语用复数Our team are now travelling to xinjiang .单词像news/physics/mathematics/aids.用单数单词像goods/clothes/congratulations/earnings/remains/bel

27、ongings.用复数The latest news is that the Loulan Beauty is being displayed in shanghai.All their belongings were destroyed in the earthquake.就近原则Eitheror/neithernor/not onlybut also/notbutEither the team leader or the guides are looking after the students.Either the guides or the team leader is looking

28、 after the students.模块四Unit 1Direct speech and reported speech 用自己的话说别人的话不用引号She said, china has been using PSAs to educate people.She said china had been using PSAs to educate people.通常把直接引语变为宾语从句或动词不定式She said ,Im used to ads.She said that she was used to ads.人称代词的变化:一主二宾三不变She said ,I did some re

29、search.She said that she had done some research.时态的变化She said ,this ad is very clever.She said that that ad was very clever.一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时间接宾语statements(陈述句)用that引导She said,Advertisements are an important part of our lives.She said that adv

30、ertisements are an important part of our lives.动词除了“say/tell”还有advise/agree/explain/insist/promise/remind/suggest/warmQuestion:疑问句用“whether/if”引导的名词从句回答Yes/No的问题Matt asked Ann,Are you the happiest person in the world?Matt asked Ann whether/if she was the happiest person in the world.用wh-words引导的名词回答

31、：“wh-questions”I asked her,how can that be true?I asked her how that could be true.Imperative Sentences:祈使句V+object+(not)+动词不定式The writer said,Think about why you should do the things the ad suggests.The writer told us to think about why we should do the things the ad suggested.用advise/encourage/invite/remind/warnDont believe every advertisement you read :Michelle said tome.Michelle