槭树科Aceraceae.docx

1、槭树科Aceraceae槭树科Aceraceae1-Floral formula Flowers in the Aceraceae are usually imperfect and the plants may be either monoecious or dioecious. There is a trend from insect to wind pollination. 在槭树花通常是不完善的，植物可以是雌雄同株或雌雄异株。有一个趋势，从风昆虫授粉。2-Introduction There are only two genera of Aceraceae, and most spec

2、ies belong to the genus Acer. This family is most common in the North Temperate Zone. 只有两种槭树属，大多数种，属宏基。这个家庭是最常见的北温带。3-Tree All members of the Aceraceae are woody plants, either trees or shrubs, with one species being a woody vine. This example is Acer saccharum, sugar maple. 对槭树科的所有成员都是木本植物，无论是树木或灌木

3、，其中一名木质藤本植物。这个例子是糖槭，糖槭。4-Winter twig The leaves are opposite, hence the leaf scars are opposite on winter twigs; this example is Acer saccharum, sugar maple. 树叶是相反的，因此叶伤疤冬天树枝相反，这个例子是糖槭，糖槭。5-Leaves The opposite leaves are most often palmately lobed and palmately veined. Some species have beautiful fa

4、ll color, as in red maple, Acer rubrum. 相反的叶子是最常见的掌状浅裂和掌状叶脉。有些品种有美丽的秋天的颜色，如红枫，红枫。6-Inflorescence There is a trend from insect pollination to wind pollination in the genus Acer. The first example to be examined is the Norway maple, Acer platanoides, which is insect pollinated. You can see these flowe

5、rs have conspicuous petals. 有一个趋势，从昆虫授粉风属中的宏基授粉。第一个例子进行审查，是挪威槭树，枫树，这是昆虫授粉。你可以看到这些花有明显的花瓣。7-Male flower There 5 sepals and 5 petals in this male flower of Acer platanoides, Norway maple. In the center of the flower is a large green nectar disk to attract insect pollinators. Note that there are 8 (eig

6、ht!) stamens, a common number in the Aceraceae. There is NO rudimentary gynoecium. 有5萼片和5个花瓣在这个挪威槭，挪威槭树雄花。在花卉中心是一个大型的绿色花蜜的磁盘，以吸引昆虫传粉。请注意，有8（8！）雄蕊，在槭树科共同的数目。没有起码的雌蕊。8-Female flower This female flower of Acer platanoides, Norway maple, has 5 sepals, 5 petals, 8 staminodia, a large nectar disk, and a s

7、yncarpous gynoecium of 2 carpels. 这是挪威槭，挪威槭树雌花，有5个萼片，花瓣5，8 staminodia，大型花蜜磁盘，和2个心皮合生雌蕊。9-Female flower In this longitudinal section of a female flower of Acer platanoides, Norway maple, note the syncarpous gynoecium of 2 carpels. The ovary has two prominent wings, one on each side. 在这种对挪威槭，挪威槭树，雌花纵剖

8、面注意到2心皮合生雌蕊。卵巢有两个突出的翅膀，每一方之一。10-Fruits The fruits of Acer are schizocarps that break apart into 2 mericarps. Since each mericarp is winged, they are also samaras. This example is Acer platanoides, Norway maple. 宏基的果实schizocarps的拆分成2 mericarps。由于每个mericarp是翅膀，它们也萨马拉斯。这个例子是挪威槭，挪威槭树。11-Silver maple tru

9、nk Trees of Silver maple, Acer saccharinum, have light gray, scaly bark 银槭树，银槭，有浅灰色，鳞片状树皮12-Male inflorescences The flowers of silver maple, Acer saccharinum, are adapted to wind rather than insect pollination. The plant blooms very early in spring before leaves appear. In this photo, many winter bu

10、ds have opened to reveal several male flowers within each bud. 银槭，银槭，花卉是适应风，而不是昆虫授粉。该工厂在春天开花非常早期出现之前离开。在这张照片，许多冬芽已经打开透露每个芽数雄花。13-Male & female inflorescences In this image of Acer saccharinum, silver maple, winter buds are shown with female flowers contained in the buds on the left and male flowers

11、on the right. 在这个银槭，银槭树的形象，冬芽显示在右侧上左侧和雄花的花蕾中雌花。14-Male & female flowers The female flowers of Acer saccharinum, silver maple, have 2 long styles that project outward to catch windblown pollen. The male flowers have very long filaments to place the anthers out where wind can pick up the pollen grains

12、. Petals and a nectar disk are absent. 在银槭，银槭树，女花有2个长的风格，项目向外追赶风吹花粉。雄花有很长的细丝放置花药内的风力发电可以拿起花粉。花瓣花蜜磁盘均缺席。15-Box elder leaves Unlike most maples, the leaves of box elder, Acer negundo, are ternate or pinnately compound. These leaves somewhat resemble those of poison-ivy, which belongs to a different fa

13、mily, the Anacardiaceae. 不像大多数的枫树，在博克斯埃尔德，槭树叶，是半夏或羽状化合物。这些叶子有点像毒药那些常春藤，属于不同的家庭，漆树科。16-Male inflorescences The male flowers of Acer negundo, box elder, have very long pedicels so the flowers dangle to release pollen to the wind. 在槭，博克斯埃尔德，雄花有很长的花梗，使花垂释放花粉风。17-Male & female flowers These flowers of Ac

14、er negundo, box elder, are extremely specialized for wind pollination. Both male and female flowers have long pedicels, and the female flowers have long styles as well. Note the wings on the ovaries. The perianth is very reduced. 在槭，博克斯埃尔德，这些花是非常专门的风授粉。男性和女性花早已花梗和雌花早已风格也。注意对卵巢的翅膀。该花被很减少。18-Sugar map

15、le Early in spring, sap starts running in sugar maple, Acer saccharum. Trees can be tapped to collect the sap, which contains a weak solution of sucrose. 早在春天，树液开始在糖枫，糖槭运行。树木可以利用的收集汁液，其中载有蔗糖弱的解决方案。19-Boiling maple sap The collected sap is then boiled to make maple syrup; it takes about 40 gallons of

16、 sap to make one gallon of syrup. 所收集的汁液，然后煮沸，使枫糖浆，它需要大约40汁液，使每加仑1加仑的糖浆。20-Acer griseum Many species of maples are cultivated. This is the paperbark maple, Acer griseum, which is native to China. It has this beautiful copper colored peeling bark. There are several trees on this species on the University of Illinois campus. There are many other beautiful species of maple; some of these are shown in lecture. 许多物种的枫树的培养。这是千层枫，血皮槭，它原产于中国。它有这个美丽的铜花树皮剥落。有这对伊利诺伊大学校园里种几棵树。还有许多其他的枫美丽的物种，其中一些是在演讲所示。