春季教案高一第十一讲动词不定式.docx

1、春季教案高一第十一讲动词不定式 第十一讲 动词不定式姓名： 学校： 年级： 【学习目标】掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。非谓语动词包括不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词。学习重点在于要知道哪些动词后面接不定式，哪些动词后面接动名词。【知识要点】1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语 法 功 能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词非谓语动词的否定式都是在非谓语动词前加not构成。如：He decided not to do it.他决定不做那件事。Not having finished his work,I couldnt go to see the film with you.因为没

2、有做完作业，所以我不能和你去看电影。He asked me not to touch this machine.他叫我别碰这台电脑。 动词不定式不定式的形式： to do sth否定式：not + (to) do (1) 作主语（相当于名词或代词的作用）To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见)(2):下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse 、expect 、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、wait, fail、plan、agree、forget、remember, like、prefer、decide、manage、atte

3、mpt , mean , intend , agree , try、arrange 、determine 、desire , pretend等.下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：know, teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。eg；I dont know what to do.(3)不定式作宾补。省略to的动词有feel、hear、listen to、make、let、have 、see、watch、notice、observe（一感，二听，三让，四看）等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定

4、式就是主语补足语。eg：I saw him came into the building.(主动)He was seen to come into the building.（被动）常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like/ warn/ encourge/ inspire/ invite + sb.to do sth.主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + t

5、o be/ to have done主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。He got a chance to enter into university.不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to

6、look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系,而且不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应跟必要的介词。She is now looking for a room to live in.Please give me a chair to sit on .（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too,

7、so as to do, such + 名词 as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be suppose

8、d、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like t

9、o / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。（7）不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be,that is a questi

10、on.He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Dont do anything silly, such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than后省to。Why not、had better、would rather、cant but(不得不)等词后省to。如：He could not but

11、 walk home.（8）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.常见的有：Id like / love / be happy to.（9）下列情况需要注意：不定

12、式作定语修饰的名词作give , have, get , buy , lend , want等动词的宾语且句中有不定式的逻辑主语时，有时有被动意义。eg:Please give me something to eat.I have a lot of work to do.不定式to let（出租），to blame(责备) 常用主动形式表被动。eg:The house is to let.Who is to blame for it?注意区别作为不定式符号“to”与介词to.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.我期望尽快见到你。（to 为介词）We

13、are used to living this area.我们习惯了在这个地方生活。（to为介词）I used to get up at 6:oo.我过去常常六点起床。（to 为不定式符号）常用的以介词to结尾的短语如下：look forward to期待 object to反对 reject to反对be(get) used to习惯于 be addicted to(沉迷于) devoted to把献给lead to 导致 preferto更喜欢 refer to谈到常见的作独立成分的不定式短语：to tell the truth , to be honest (说实话), to begin

14、 with , to start with (开始) , to be frank (坦白的说) eg:To tell the truth,I dont like him.说句实话，我不喜欢他。【典型例题】1. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _.A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leaveC. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave解析：答案为C.2. Dont sit there _ no

15、thing. Come and help me with this table.A.do B. to do C. doing D. and doing解析：答案为A.【经典练习】Practice makes perfect.语法练习1.There is more land in Australian than the government knows _?A. what to do with B. how to do C. to do with it D.to do it2.Paul said, “Give me a chair_,please.”A.to sit B.sit C.sit on

16、 D.to sit on3.-I didnt hear you come me in last night.-Thats good.We tried_noisy.A.not be B.not to be C.to be not D.to not be4.The lost child desired nothing but_home.A.go B.to go C.going D.going5.That box is_.A.too heavy for me to carry B.to heavy for me to carryC.so heavy for me to carry D. very h

17、eavy for me to carry6.Mr White was seen _the Palace Museum.A.to B.too C.to do D.to go to7.He asked Mary _the house.A.to open the door and go into B.to open the door and to go intoC.open the door and to go into D.open the door and into8.Its very easy _so.A.for you to say B.of you to sayC.with you say

18、ing D.in your saying9.-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forget _.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off 10. I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change.A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going11.He hurried to the station only_

19、that the train had left.A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found12.My sisters professor had her _ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee.A.rewritten B.to rewrite C.rewrite D.rewriting13.All these gifts must be mailed immediately_in time for Christmas.A.in order to

20、 have received B.in order to receiveC.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving14._the empioyees working efficiency,the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break. A.Improving B.To improve C.Having improved D.Improved15.What I want to know was when and where the meeting_.A.was holding B.ho

21、lding C.was to hold D.was to be held 16.This book is said _ into dozens of languages in the last decade.A.to have been translated B.to translateC.to be translate D.to have translated17.What shall I tell them，Mr. Laver?You _ that Ill see them now.A.had better tell B.had better sayC.had better to tell

22、 D.had better to say18.The grass has grown a lot this past week，it needs _.A.cut B.to be cut C.that we cut D.to cut19.She had nothing in mind except _ her personal power.A.to achieve B.achievement C.achieving D.achieved20.Its never too old _.A.to learn B.for learn C.to be learned D.to have be learne

23、d. 语法填空 Many people are wondering if it is safe to talk on the cellphones while driving. Most of people think that the use of cellphones should 1 (ban) while they are driving, 2 in that case accidents can easily happen.A growing number of states are making rules to keep young drivers 3 using cellpho

24、nes while they are driving. When there is 4 car accident, police officers will find out 5 any of the drivers is using a cellphone. There have been some very bad car accidents 6 (cause) by drivers being distracted by cellphones. Drivers sometimes forget to watch the road 7 (careful) when they are usi

25、ng their phones. 8 paying attention to the road can be dangerous, even deadly.It is important for drivers to focus 9 the road. They need to pay attention to 10 is going on around them. So, stop using your cellphones while driving.1. because 2. be banned3. from4. a5. if/whether6.caused7.carefully8.No

26、t9.on10.what.阅读理解 We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us dont do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.So, you have to give a speechand you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you st

27、umble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, its over. Im just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”Cheer up! It doesnt have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yours

28、elf the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examp

29、les as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Dont talk over their heads, and dont talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.Just remember: Be prepared. Know your s

30、ubject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you dont have to be afraid of public speaking

31、. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! Youre not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.41. The main idea of this article is .A. that you can improve your speaking abilityB. that a poor speaker can never changeC. to always make a short speech