牛津高中英语18模块重点词汇讲解三.docx

1、牛津高中英语18模块重点词汇讲解三牛津高中英语18模块重点词汇讲解（三）21. approach( P18, M4): You must decide what approach you want to use.approachUsage 1: 【C】, a method of doing sth. or dealing with a problem e.g.: a new approach to cancer treatment 治疗癌症的新方法Usage 2: 【U】, 靠近，接近，临近e.g.: (1) Our approach drove away the wild animals.

2、我们的靠近驱走了野生动物。 (2) The approach of winter brings cold weather. 冬天来了，天气冷了。Usage 3: 【C】, a way of getting ine.g.: All approaches to the town were blocked. 所有通往城里的路都被堵上了。Usage 4: 【C】, an act of speaking to sb. (about sth.) for the first time 初次跟人打交道，接触e.g.: We have made approaches to them with a view to

3、 forming a business partnership. 为了和他们建立商业伙伴关系，我 们进行了接洽。Usage 5: vi. or vt., 走进，靠近，接近e.g.: (1) Silently we approached the enemys camp. 我们悄悄地靠近了敌人的营地。 (2) The time is approaching when we will have to leave. 我们离开的时间到了。(3) We had to work in temperatures approaching 35. 我们不得不在接近35 的高温下工作。(4) Hes a good

4、player, but doesnt approach international standard. 他是个不错的选手，但还没达到国际标准。(5) Hes approaching 80. 他快80了。 .Usage 6: to speak to sb. , esp. in order to make a request or suggestion for the first time （初次）接洽；交涉；打交道e.g.: Did he approach you about lending him some money? 他有没有找你借钱？扩展: approachable, adj., eas

5、y to speak to or deal with; friendly 易亲近的，易交谈的，易与之打 交道的；友善的； able to approach 可接近的；能够达到的e.g.: Youll find the director a very approachable person. 你会发现董事长是非常可亲的人。Usage 7: vt., to begin to consider or deal with 开始考虑，对付，处理e.g.: There are several ways of approaching this problem. 处理这个问题有好几种方法。21. concer

6、n(P38, M5): As the third longest river in the world, it is clear to see why the environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern both nationally and internationally.concernUsage 1 : uncountable noun, worry; anxiety 担心；忧虑e.g.: (1) a matter of considerable public concern 公众非常担心的问题 (2) a

7、 teachers concern for his students 教师对学生的关心之情e.g.: (3) There is no reason for concern; your sonaccident was not too serious. 没必要担心，你儿子的事故不太严重。 (4) The report expressed serious concern about the doctors competence. 报告表达了对该名医生能力的极大担忧。Usage 2: 【C】所关切的事；有利害关 系的事e.g.: (1) How much money I earn is none of

8、 your concern. 我赚多少钱与你无关。(2) a policy that fails to deal with the concerns of ethnic minorities 一项未能针对少数民族人民所关切 之事的政策Usage 3: vt., to be about 与有关系，涉及e.g.: The article concerns a man who is wrongly imprisoned. 这篇文章写的是一个被冤屈而 坐牢的人。Usage 4: vt., to be of importance or interest to; have an effect on 与有关

9、；对有影响e.g.: (1) These problems concern all of us. 这些问题关系到我们所有的人。 (2) This regulation does not concern you, so dont worry. 这项规定与你无关，别担心。 (3) To whom it may concern 敬启者扩展1： concerned adj. Usage1: anxious, worried; having an active personal interest.e.g.: (1) He has never been very concerned about what

10、other people may think of him. 他从不在乎别人对他的想法。 (2) I am concerned for their happiness. 我关心他们的幸福。(3) The childrens mother was very concerned for their safety when they didnt come back from school at the usual time. 当孩子们放学后不能按时回家时， 母亲非常担心他们的安全。Usage 2: 有关的，有牵连的；参与的e.g.: (1) Everyone who was concerned in

11、 the affair regrets it very much. 所有参与此事的人都非常后悔。(2) I have enjoyed my visit very much, and would like to thank all the people concerned. 我对访问非常满意，感谢所有有关人员。(3) Ill pass on your comments to the people concerned. 我会把你的评论转达给相关人士。扩展3： 固定词组：be concerned with : to be aboute.g.: This story is concerned with

12、 a Russian family in the 19th century. 故事讲述的是十九世纪时的一个俄国家庭。扩展4: 固定词组：as far as Im / youre, etc.，concernede.g.: As far as Im concerned the whole idea is crazy. 就我而言，整个想法是疯狂的。扩展5： where something is concerned 就某事而言，在某种事情上e.g.: Where money is concerned, I always try to be very careful. 在钱这种事上，我总是力图谨慎。扩展

13、6：concerning prep.较正式, 关于e.g.: (1) Concerning your request, I am pleased to inform you that (2) Police are anxious to hear any information concerning his whereabouts. 警察非常想得到有关他的下落的信息。22. take on(P11, M6): In an interview, he told us that he is always happy to take on new foreign students.take onUsa

14、ge1：接受（工作等； 承担（责任等） e.g.: My doctor says Im too tired and has advised me not to take any more work on. 医生说我太累了，建议我不要再 接受工作。Usage 2: to start to employ e.g.: Weve decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department. 我们决定在会计部雇用一名新职员。Usage 3: 开始具有（呈现）（某种品质、 面貌等）；露出e.g.: (1) These insects can take

15、 on the color of their surroundings. (2) His face took on a worried expression.扩展 1： take offUsage 1: 脱下，脱去（衣服）e.g.：Take your coat off.相反词： put onUsage 2: （飞机、航天器等） 升空，起飞Usage 3： vi., to begin to become successful, popular, or well-known 开始有成就； 开始受欢迎；开始成名e.g.: It was at this point that her acting ca

16、reer really took off. 她的演艺事业是在此时开始成功的。Usage 4: to have a holiday from work on the stated day or for the stated period 请假.e.g.: (1) Im taking Thursday off because Im moving house. 我星期四要请假，因为我要搬家。 (2) Take a few days off, Michael. 歇几天吧， Michael 。扩展 2：take over vt. / vi. 接手， 接管e.g.: (1) Who do you thin

17、k will take over now that the governor has been dismissed? 州长已被免职，你认为谁会接替他？ (2) Im feeling too tired to drive any more; will you take over? 我累得开不动了，你来开，好吗？扩展 3： take to Usage1: to feel a liking for, esp. at once (尤指立刻)对产生好感，喜欢上e.g.: I took to Paul as soon as we met. 我们一见面，我就喜欢上 Paul 了。Usage 2: 染上习惯,

18、 嗜好e.g.: (1) All this gloomy news is enough to make you take to drink. 这些令人沮丧的消息足以让人去酗酒了。 (2) Just lately hes taken to hiding his socks under the carpet. 近来，他染上了把袜子藏在地毯底下的习惯。Usage 3: 到（某处）休息；到躲藏；逃往e.g.: (1) Fathers ill, so hes taken to his bed. 父亲生病了，所以上床休息去了。 (2) The criminals took to the hills to

19、escape from the police. 罪犯们逃到山间以躲避警察。扩展 4: take upUsage 1: to begin to spend time doing; interest oneself in e.g.: John took up acting when he was at college. 约翰在上大学的时候开始从事表演。Usage 2: （事物或事件）占用了 （空间和时间）e.g.: (1) The job took up most of Sunday. 这件工作占用了星期天的绝大多数时间。 (2) These boxes of yours are taking u

20、p too much space. 你的这些盒子占去了太多的空间。23. hold up (P42, M6): There was a boat we could go on but we got held up as Mr. Hudson remarked that the boat was too crowded.hold upUsage 1: to delay 推迟，（使）耽搁e.g.: (1) The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather. 糟糕的天气耽搁了新路的修建。 (2) A strike has hel

21、d up production. 罢工延误了生产。Usage 2: to (try to ) rob by using the threat of violence e.g.: The criminals held up the bank and took all the money.犯罪分子劫持了银行，拿走了所有的钱。Usage 3： to show as an examplee.g.: The old man always held up his youngest son as a model of hard work. 老人总是把自己最小的儿子当作勤劳 工作的典范。扩展 1: hold

22、outUsage 1: to offer 提供；提出e.g.: I dont hold out much hope that the weather will improve. 我对天气好转不爆多大希望。Usage 2: to continue to exist; last 继续存在，持续，维持e.g.: How much longer can our supplies hold out? 我们的供给还能维持多久？Usage 3: to continue in spite of difficulties; 坚持，忍住e.g.: The town was surrounded, but the

23、people held out until help came. 城被困了，但人们一直坚持到救援来。24. refer to (P50, M6): I am pleased to have the chance today to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is often referred to.refer toUsage1: to mention or speak about e.g.: (1) The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciti

24、ng new development in this field. 这位科学家把该发现称作是此领域内 最令人激动的新进展。(2) Which companies was she referring to when she spoke of competing firms? 当她说起竞争商家时，她指的是哪些公司？(3) The figures in the left-hand column refer to our overseas sales. 左栏的数据指的是海外的销售额。Usage 2: to look at for information 参考，查阅，查看e.g.: (1) to ref

25、er to a dictionary 查阅字典 (2) Let me just refer to my notes to find the exact figures. 让我查查笔记，找找确切的数字。Usage 3: to concern; be directed towards or be relevant to 有关；针对e.g.: The new law does not refer to land used for farming. 新的法规与耕地无关。Usage 4 : refer sb. / sth. to sb. 提交给做决定（处理）e.g.: (1) The shop refe

26、rred the complaints to the makers of the articles. 商家把投诉转交给了生产厂家。(2) The professor referred me to an article she had written on this subject. 教授让我查阅她就这个主题曾经写过 的一篇文章。 (3) The proposal will have to be referred to the Finance Committee. 这项提议将会转交给财经委员会。扩展 1：referenceUsage 1: 【c; u】，谈到，提及e.g.: (1) King W

27、illiam was known as “Rufus”, a reference to his red hair. 国王威廉二世因一头红发被称为鲁弗斯。注：Rufus系拉丁语，意为“红发”。(2) When I spoke to him about the expedition, he didnt make any reference to your coming with us.当我向他说起这次远征时，他并未提到你会和我们一起来。(3) Her speech contained only a passing reference to the problem of unemployment.

28、她的演讲只对失业问题一带而过。Usage 2: 【C; U】，参考，查阅e.g.: Use this dictionary for easy reference. 这部字典查起来很方便。扩展 2： reference book 参考书，工具书 reference library （图书不外借的）参考书阅览室； 参考图书馆25. lack (P51, M6): Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts, the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack ed

29、ucation, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease.lackUsage 1: 【U;C】，缺乏，不足，没有e.g.: (1) The plants died through for lack of water. 这些植物因缺水而死。 (2) Theres a certain lack of enthusiasm for these changes among the membership. 会员们对这些变化不太热心。Usage 2: vt.,，缺乏，不足，没有e.g.: (1) The female bird lacks the male

30、s coloration. 雌鸟没有雄鸟缤纷的羽毛。 (2) Hes good at his job he seems to lack confidence. 他工作干得不错，但好像信心不足。(3) What the company lacks is sufficient money to invest in new products. 公司缺少足够的资金来投资新的产品。扩展: lacking, adj., 缺少的, 不足的, 没有 的；缺少的e.g.: (1) We cant confirm these rumours because accurate information is lacking. 我们不能证实这些谣言，因为缺少确切的信息。(2) I was happy as a child, but there was something lacking. 我小的时候很开心，但总觉的缺点什么。 (3) Im af