朱泰琪考研英语写作讲座.docx

1、朱泰琪考研英语写作讲座主题：考什么类型作文？怎么写? 用什么句型写？如何才能写好？一The main types of guided writing:1. 提纲式作文： Directions: Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society. But there are still some people who dont agree with it. There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay

2、 to the newspaper based on the following outline.1. Role of women in modern society2. Prejudices and discrimination against women 3. My comment You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes. Women play an important part in modern society. Now many women are going into professions, such as medic

3、ine, law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories. Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex. In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men. There are even some bu

4、sinesses which are run completely by women. It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society. There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways. In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by wome

5、n, who are physically not strong enough. They believe that women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, women are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. According to them, a womans place is within the protective environment of the home. Sec

6、ondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males. Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only. In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women. Personally, Im firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders. Since b

7、oth men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing. (242 words)2. 提纲图表式作文： Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200 words within 40 minutes. Study the following table care fully and your composition must be based on the information

8、 given in the table. You should quote as few figures as possible. Outline: 1. Changes in peoples daily expanses in the past five years 2. Possible reasons for the changes 3. My own conclusion YearItem19971998199920002001Food65%60%48%42%35%Clothing5%7%10%13%15%Recreation3%5%7%8%13%Others24%26%33%36%3

9、8%Total100%100%100%100%100% In the past five years, there have been great changes in peoples daily expenses in XX city. According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 per cent in 2001. However, there was a rapid increase in cloth

10、ing expenses, which made up 15% in 2001. In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses. The same was the case with other expenses. What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons. To begin with, with the rapid development of agricul

11、ture in China, the output of grain, fruit, vegetables and milk has sharply increased, which contributes to the decline in their prices. Secondly, the family incomes of people both in the city and in the country have greatly risen so that people now can afford expensive clothing and some of them even

12、 want to dress in the latest fashion. Finally, as the living conditions improve, the demand for a variety of recreations is growing steadily, too. In short, with the incomes continuing to rise, people will no longer resign themselves to living a dull, monotonous life. They are eager to make their li

13、fe interesting and exciting. Therefore, I am sure that people will spend more money on clothing and recreations. (219 words)3规定情景式作文：Directions: Migrant workers (外地民工) have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. In this part, you are to write within 40 minutes a composition of 200 wo

14、rds about “The Role of Migrant Workers”. You can agree and/or disagree, completely or partially to above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should supporting reasons. As is known to all, migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. They are an indisp

15、ensable part of our work force. Most of them work on construction sites. There is no doubt that without migrant workers many of construction projects would have to be held up for lack of manpower. In addition, a large number of migrant workers are a beneficial factor, which enhances the consumption

16、of food and daily items. This in turn helps to develop food industry and service trades in cites. All these are positive aspects of migrant workers in cities. However, as a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides”. The same is the case with migrant workers. Firstly, most of them are not well

17、educated and professionally trained. Some of them have had very little schooling. As you know. Illiterate people, who are usually ignorant of the law, tend to make trouble, thus endangering social order. Secondly, most of the migrant workers swarm into big cities just to make money. Being illiterate

18、 or unskilled, some of them would stop at nothing to get what they are ambitious for. Therefore, they are a potential threat to the peace and stability of society. In my opinion, in the appraisal of migrant workers, it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate t

19、he great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them. (244 words)二、The structure of a paragraph and its development:1. Structure of a paragraph: topic sentence, development sentence and concluding sentence. 2. Ways of developing a paragraph:1)

20、Comparison and contrast (对比法)2) Cause and effect (因果法)3) Exemplification (举例法)4) Generalization and qualification (概述法)5) Argument (议论法)三、Some sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing :-关于利弊、优缺点的句型： 1. S + have (or has ) a lot of advantages over . (与.相比有许多优点) 译：汽车与自行车相比有许多优点。have the ad

21、vantage of .(有.方面的长处) 译：1）英语好是她的长处。 2）澳大利亚与中国相比，其优点是人口少。 3）他比他们有利的是他会操作电脑。 2. be of great benefit to sb./sth. (对.有益) 译：你的计算机知识对你将来的工作十分有益 3. benefit sb/sth. (对有好处) 译：这家新医院对整个社区有利。 benefit from sth. (由于.而受益) 译：我们将从技术发明中受益。 4. do (a lot of) good to sb. (对.有许多好处) 译：早晨锻炼对你很有好处。 be good for sb./sth. (对.有

22、益) 译：蔬菜和水果有利人的健康。 do damage to sth./damage sth. (对.造成损害) 译：这次地震对城市建筑损坏严重。 do harm to sth./harm sth./endanger sth. (对.有害处) 译：吸烟危害人的健康。 5.be as(not so) good/great as 译：他做得没有说得好。 6. not so much as (与其说,不如说) 译：人口的迅速增长与其说是由于出生率的上升不如说是由于死亡率的下降。 The reason for the rapid increase in population is not so muc

23、h a rise in birth rate as a fall in death rate.-说明原因的句型：forto do sth.sometwo many 1. There are good reasons Example: There are two reasons for the changes in peoples living conditions. First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly a

24、nd the birth rate has been put under control. 2. We have two good reasons for 译：我们有许多理由反对工业不受控制的发展。 3. The reasons for is that + 从句 译：我们支持“希望工程”的原因时，许多贫困地区的儿童付不起继续学业的各种费用。opinionsviews-表示不同看法的句型：question.problemmatterhavehold 1. Different people different on this Some believe that Others argue that

25、Still others maintain that 译：人们对国际文化交流的看法各不相同。有些人认为，国际文化交流能促进各国人民之间的友谊和了解。另一些人则争辩说，中国是一个具有5000年历史的文明古国，并且有自己的传统文化，它和西方文化截然不同。因此，他们反对国际文化交流。我认为，第2种看法是片面的。现在国际文化交流是非常重要的。各国人民应该互相了解、互相学习以便增进友谊。People differ in their opinions on the international cultural exchange. Some believe that international cultur

26、al exchange contributes to the friendship and understanding of the people all over the world. Others argue that China is an ancient civilized nation with a history of 5000 years and has its own traditional culture, which is quite different from that in the western countries. Therefore, they are oppo

27、sed to the international cultural exchange. In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial. The international cultural exchange is of great importance now. People of all countries should understand each other and learn from each other to enhance the friendship among them.2. They are quite d

28、ifferent from each other in their opinions.3. Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family. 4. They think quite differently on this question. 5. They differ greatly in their attitudes towards noise problem. Example: Parents and children think differently on this question. Pare

29、nts hold that children should work hard and do well at school. Children, however, maintain that they should have freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future. -表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事的句型：1. It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desira

30、ble, advisable) for sb. To do sth. Examples: 1) It is inevitable that the natural resources throughout the world are diminishing as the demand for them is on the increase. 2) It is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its industry and agricultur

31、e. 3) It is urgent for the government to take measures to control the birth rate in our country/to change deserts into farmland. 4) It is necessary to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas, and other public facilities to meet the increasing needs of the people. trouble

32、difficulty a hard time a difficult time 2. have (in) doing sth. (有困难做某事)Example: He has troubles finding a satisfactory job. have trouble with sth. (对有困难，不好对付) Example: I have some trouble with my English study.-常用谚语（在议论文中）：1. As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. 2. As a proverb says, “Everything has t