高考英语语法定语从句复习.docx

1、高考英语语法定语从句复习江苏省石庄高级中学2007届高考英语语法定语从句复习目 录第一部分 基本知识第二部分 高考考点分析第三部分 定语从句与其他从句或句型的区分第四部分 定语从句与易混句型练与析第五部分 真题演练第六部分 巩固练习第一部分 基本知识定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系

2、词不能省略。表一：总体概念分类指代引导词关系代词人who, whom, that, as事物which, that, as人或物（表所属关系）whose关系副词地点where时间when原因why 表二：关系代词的基本用法 关系代词指代例句解释who人The man who helped you is Mr White.在定从中作主语whomThat is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定从中作宾语，可省略whoseHe is the father whose son studies very well in our class.在定从中

3、作定语thatIm not the fool that you thought me to be.在定从中作表语asHe is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.在定从中作宾语that事物The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.在定从中作宾语whichA dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words在定从中作主语whoseHe lives in a room whose window

4、faces south在定从中作定语asIt is such a big stone as nobody can lift.在定从中作宾语整句内容As is known to all, he is the best student.在定从中作主语表三：关系副词的基本用法 关系代词指代例句解释when时间Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?在定从中作状语where地点The house where they live is not very large.在定从中作状语why原因This is the reason why he did

5、 not came to the meeting.在定从中作状语第二部分 高考考点分析考点一考查以that与which引导的定语从句通常只能用that的情况(1)当先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing ,everything , none等时。例如：His brother did _ she could to help him .A. all which B. all what C. all D. which 解析句中did是及物动词，后缺少宾语，而could后又省略了动词do，所以用all作did的宾语，al

6、l后面省略了关系代词that，故答案选C。(2)先行词被序数词，形容词的最高级以及被 all ; any ;every ;each ;few ;little; no ;some ;the only ;the very，the same ;the last 等修饰时。例如：He is the only student that (who) is punished for breaking the school rules .(3)如果两个先行词一个指人，一个指物，应用关系代词that 。The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcas

7、t have aroused great interest among theviewers.(4)先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?通常只用which的情况(1)关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，只能用which。例如：Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be. (05湖北卷)A. who B. that C. what D. which解析先行词lawyer尽管是人，但这儿表示职业，这是一个非限定定语从句，关系代词在句中作宾语，只能用which ，不能用tha

8、t，所以答案选D。(2)关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子内容时，只能用which。例如：Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. （05浙江卷）A. which B. that C. this D. it 解析这是个非限制性定语从句，用which指代前面句子内容，故答案选A。(3)如果句中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that，另一个最好用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which wa

9、s newly open to us.（4）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时：I have found that which I was looking for.（5）介词放在关系代词之前时：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)考点二考查以who、whom与whose引导的定语从句(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody ,no

10、body, one , ones ,those ,all (指人)等作先行词，作主语用who，作宾语用whom 、who而不用which 。Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who，作宾语用whom或者who。作介词宾语时只能用whom例如：The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.(02安徽春季) A. where B. when C. which D. who Key :

11、DAlec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.(2002上海)A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom解析 the policeman是先行词，而work是不及物动词，后接宾语必须跟上相应的介词，所以答案选C。(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose ,表示某物时，它相当于the +noun +of +which或of which+the +noun ；表示某人时，它相当于the +noun +of +whom或of who

12、m +the +noun 。例如：Look out! Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair. (06福建卷)A. whose B. which C. of which D. what解析句中先行词the house与roof之间构成所属关系，所以要用whose ，故答案选A。I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. (06浙江卷)A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 考点三考查关系副词where

13、、when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which”，其中where = in/at+which;when= at/in/during+which;why=for+which 。(1)关系副词 Where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。例如：Were just trying to teach a point_both sides will sit down together and talk.(06山东卷)A. where B. that C. when D. which解析先行词a point是表示地点的名词，并在从句中作地点状语，所以

14、用关系副词where来引导，故答案选A。(2)关系副词 when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。例如：There was _time _I hated to go to school. （04湖北卷）A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the ; when Key:B (3)关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。例如：Do you know the reason why she was put into prison ? 你知道她坐牢的原因吗？考点四 对

15、“as”引导定语从句的考查(1)先行词与as;so;such;the same 连用时，常用关系代词或副词as 。例如：Children should read such books _ will make them better and wiser . A. which B. that C. what D.as Key: D(2)在引导非限定性定语从句中，指代前面句子的内容时用which或as，指代后面句子的内容时只能用as 。例如：Jim passed the driving test , _ , surprised everybody in the office. ( 05浙江) A.w

16、hich B. that C. this D. it解析 此句是一个非限制性的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，并指代前面句子的整个内容。所以此题选 Aas引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the sameas，suchas，asas的结构中。as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。 He married the girl，as(which)was natural. He seemed a freigner,as(which)in fact he was. 不同的是：as引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行。 As was natural, h

17、e married the girl. 在the sameas,suchas,asas结构中，same,such,as之后应是名词或形容词名词。 We are facing the same problems as we did years ago. Some people have no doubt that their cat understands as many words as a dog does. We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 这三种结构也可以用which改写。但要换结构，不能直接用which代替as。以上三句分别可以改写成

18、：We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.Some people have no doubt that their cat understands the words which a dog understands.We hope to get the tool which he is using.the sameas与the samethat引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是：前者修饰的是与原物同样的；而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西。比较：This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样。

19、（不是同一只）This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）(3)表示“正如.”时,只能用关系代词as。 如：as is known to all; as we all know; as (it) often happens; as has been said before; as was expected; as is said above; as is mentioned above; as is reported等。例如：_ is reported in the newspapers ,talks between the two

20、countries are making progress(04北京卷) A. It B. As C. That D. What 解析这是一个非限制性的定语从句，关系代词指代后面句子的整个内容，所以关系代词只能用as，故此题选 B 考点五对“介词+关系代词”的考查当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which/whose”,指人则用“介词+whom/whose”, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：(a)根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。(b)根据先行词特殊用法而定。例

21、如：I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction_she had come. (06重庆卷)A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which解析此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，根据句意用from which表示“所来的那个方向”，故答案选D。There are two buildings , _ stands nearly a hundred feet hi

22、gh.（04湖北卷） A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which解析 the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings ，which 在定语从句中指代 building，作介词of的宾语，故答案为D。考点六 the way作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略。例如：What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖

23、北卷）A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 解析 此句中not but 连接两个并列成分，即the way与what从句作并列表语,way 后的定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略。所以选 A 。 a.在比较正式的文体中用in whichI was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood. It was clear that the speaker now trusted Tom from the way in which

24、these words were said.b.一般情况下用that Lincoln asked the people to think of slavery in the way that these men did. Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.c.in which或that省去。 Thats the way I looked at it.The assistant who served her did not like the way she

25、was dressed.考点七 定语从句与先行词被分割开来定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。 1.在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。例如：-Is that the small town you often refer to? - Right, just the one _ you know I used

26、 to work for years. （05福建卷）A.that B. which C.where D.what解析 work是不及物动词，先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语，You know 在句中作插入语，所以答案选C 。He made another wonderful discovery ,_of importance to science . (98上海卷)A.which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is解析这里I think 是插入语，which 引导非限制性定语从句，故选A

27、。2.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。例如：There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想，” 不对啊， 天空怎么能象太阳呢？“，原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky这个地点 状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。3.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。例如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to

28、your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰 years。ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。4.先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后例如：A new master will come tomorrow who w

29、ill teach you German.第三部分 定语从句与其他从句或句型的区分一、定语从句与并列句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer Mr Li has three daughters； _ are doctors 解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看，小题是定语从

30、句，故填whom；小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them；小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。 二、定语从句与状语从句 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place） Lets go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句） Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句） It was already five oclock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句） This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经在那里工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句） Put back the book wher