九年级暑假课程阅读训练学案.docx

1、九年级暑假课程阅读训练学案理解主旨和要义 理解文中具体信息 理解作者的意图、观点和态度 逻辑关系(九年级阅读理解）适用学科英语适用年级九年级适用区域陕西人教版地区课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知 识 点中考英语阅读理解解题技巧与方法学习目标1.学习阅读理解解题技巧与方法，能够把握文章的事实和细节2.学习阅读理解解题技巧与方法，能够依据文意进行正确的推断3.学习阅读理解解题技巧与方法，能够概括，归纳出所读材料的主旨和大意4.学习阅读理解解题技巧与方法，.能够根据上下文猜测生词的含义学习重点中考英语阅读理解解题技巧与方法学习难点能够依据文意进行正确的推断，概括出所读材料的主旨和大意。学习过程一、

2、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学内容，讲评作业，由试题当中阅读题当中主旨大意题的错误，导入本节课内容，并检查本节课学生预习作业。 阅读四选一，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。 Are you going to high school to go on with your study? What will you do if you cant? Dont worry. Vocational (职业的) schools are open for you because our country is in need of people with special

3、skills. Compared with common high schools, vocational schools have more advantages. Firstly, in order to promote (促进) the development of vocational education, our country spends a lot of money on it. So you need to pay only a smaller half of the school fee (学费). Secondly, in here you have already st

4、arted learning practical skills that you can use all your life. But some other students may still worry about how to spend the long three years at high schools. Why? Because they didnt choose the school that suits (适合) them. And finally, when they are still wondering where to go, you are already abl

5、e to live on your own hands proudly. And perhaps it wont be long before you are on the road to success. People take different roads because they have different potentials (潜力). So different students should choose different schools. Go to high school if you think that you can go farther on that road.

6、 Choose a key high school if you are lucky enough to have the chance. Enter a vocational school if you are interested in the lessons there and you are better at making things with your hands. In a word, think carefully and see what kind of person you are. Remember, always choose things that suit you

7、.1. What does the second paragraph talk about? A. The future of vocational school. B. How to learn a skill. C. The advantages of vocational schools. D. How to succeed.2. The underlined word “practical” here means “_”.A. fair B. useful C. poor D. safe3. Vocational school students can _ than students

8、who choose a high school carelessly. A. spend more money B. be more worried C. get more D. have fewer chances to succeed4. What can we learn from the passage? A. People should take the same road.B. Key high school students must be good at making things.C. Clever students are better at using their ha

9、nds.D. We should choose things that suit us.5. This passage is written to _. A. advise some students to choose vocational schools B. talk about the advantages of common high schools C. discuss how to divide students into different groups D. compare different schools二、知识讲解 1. 阅读理解的考查要求 依据陕西省中考说明和英语新课

10、程标准（2011版） 此题主要考查学生语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。本题四篇短文，试题的设计以考查学生获取信息、处理信息的能力以及分析问题、解决问题的能力为主。生词率不超过3%，阅读速度为每分钟50-70个词，还能根据对文章的理解，判断作者的意图，了解说英语国家的生活习俗、文化背景和科技发展情况。2历年阅读理解体裁和内容分析 近几年的中考阅读理解题材包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；涵盖了寓言故事、广告、时政、娱乐、人物传记等等。信息量大，趣味性强，又不乏教育意义。这些话题贴近日常生活和时代主题。主要以说明文、记叙文居多。如2012年陕西阅读部分为北极狐介绍，加拿大(Ice hotel)以及

11、西安地铁”；2013年为异国自然风光（判断型阅读- Hawaii），环境的保护（四选一阅读），社会现象（四选一阅读）中国式过马路。整个阅读部分意在为学生创造一个理想真实积极健康的环境，着重对于学生的正向引导，对社会问题的关注和人文自然的多元化拓展，在内容上更加丰富，考题载体更加贴近生活。 这些都是社会关注的问题，考生也是相当熟悉的。这对于以后的备考是一个很好的启示。 因此，英语阅读理解各种题型的答题技巧应该是考生学习和训练的重点。如果能在平常的练习中有意识的加强阅读技巧（特别是细节查找和推理判断技巧）的训练在考试中很多问题可以迎刃而解，而不只是盲目的为了做题而做题，效率低下。3. 阅读理解的考

12、查点 【考查点】一 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力1.事实细节题的共同特点：（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案 大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也 能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。 2.事实细节题主要提问方式是：(1) Which of the following is right?(2) Which of the following is not mentioned?(3) Which of the following is No

13、t True in the passage?(4) Choose the right order of this passage.(5) From this passage we know _. 3.阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目的技巧：（1）要在文章中找出相应的信息点，（2）要排除干扰项。如：【2012陕西中考】46. The volunteer gave away_ to the students. A. beds and computers B. clothes and books C. desks and beds D. beds and bags. 【阅读相关文段】“ Last m

14、onth, some volunteers from Xian went to a middle school in the mountain area. They gave away 40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books to the students. The school lies deep in the mountains. Students have to live in the school. But the school was too poor to provide beds for them, so they had to sl

15、eep on the desks. Thanks to the volunteers, now the students can sleep on their own beds in the school.” 这一小题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以直接找到：They gave away 40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books to the students. 这一道题的最大干扰项是B选项，因此，考生只要审清楚题目要求，细心比对就会找到答案为A。【考查点】二 推断能力 所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知

16、的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题其类型主要有以下几种：（1）事实推断（2）指代推断（3）逻辑推断（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断（1）事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。如：【2012陕西中考】47. What can we learn from the second story? A. We can hardly travel around the world if

17、 we have an old car. B. We can travel around the world if nobody helps us. C. We should realize our dreams if we have lots of money. D. We should start right away if we want to realize our dream. 【阅读相关文段】The Zapps, from Argentina( 阿根廷), began their tour in their old cars several years ago. They trav

18、elled to over 40 countries with four kids. Many people wondered what made them travel around the world. They said, “Its just oue dream, a big dream, from Argentina to the whole world. Thanks to those who supported us during our journey, our dream came true in the end. “Do you want to see your dream

19、come true?” If so, why not start right away?.根据，“Do you want to see your dream come true?” If so, why not start right away?我们可以推断梦想的实现需要立刻行动，因此答案是D如：【阅读训练题】35. The four cities are all _ according to the passage. A. modern cities with a short history B. in New Zealand C. near lakes, rivers or seas D.

20、 large cities 【阅读相关文段】 It was built on small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1,500 years ago.In the seaside city, you can enjoy an amazing view from the citys tallest towerthe Sky Tower. There are many beautiful beaches near the city.Visitors like to take boat rides along the Danube（多瑙河）.根据这段文字

21、，我们可以推断答案是C.（2）指代推断 确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。如：【阅读训练题】39. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to_. Aadaptations BDarwin and Wallace C. animals DDarwins ideas 【阅读相关文段】Darwin described how some animals hav

22、e adaptations that help them survive. They are pas阅读理解的考查要求:sed on to，offspring(后代)Darwins ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things 【考查点】三. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。 一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般

23、具有三个特点：（1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。（3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。如何获取段落的主旨和大意？在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：（1）主题句在段首或篇首。 主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文, 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。（2）主题句在段末或篇末。 用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。（3）无主题句 有时，一篇文章里并没有

24、明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。如：【2012陕西中考】51. Whats the best title of this passage? A. An Unusual Hotel B. A Warm Hotel C. A Common Hotel D An Old Hotel 【阅读相关文段】There is a special kind of hotel in Quebec, Canada. It ha

25、s a bar, a church, a shop and a small theater. These things are not unusual. But this hotel is only open from January till March every year. Why? Because it is made of ice and snow! When the weather gets warm, the hotel melts(融化) and closes. Every winter, the hotel owners build the hotel again. 根据文章

26、第一句话 “There is a special kind of hotel in Quebec, Canada”.可知答案为A，这也是全文的主题句。 如：【阅读训练题】47. Paragraph 3 tells us that _. A. our hands look similar B. the microbes will make the keyboard dirty C. we should compare our hands often D. we have our own sets of microbes 【阅读相关文段】“Everyone has his own set of m

27、icrobes on the hands.” That is to say, if you and your best friend were able to see and compare all the microbes on your hands, your hands probably would look different. Some microbes only show up on your hands while others live only on your friends hands. 文段3 主要针对“Everyone has his own set of microb

28、es on the hands.”展开阐述。 文中首句直接点明主题。因此，答案为D。【考查点】四 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。 猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。 猜测词义的题目其主要提问方式是：(1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means _.(2) In this

29、story the underlined word “ ” means _.如何根据上下文猜测词义？ 我们可以从以下几个方面来猜测词义：1) 根据定义或解释猜测词义。 2）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。3）运用语法知识进行语法分析。如构词法 （前缀或后缀）、同义或反义关系猜测词义4）依靠常识和经验做出判断。5) 根据背景和常识判断。如：【2013陕西中考】49. The underlined word “intersection” here probably means “ _ ”. A. road B. bridge C. crossing D. traffic 【阅读相关文段】 “W

30、hy does the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side!” Thats an old joke in the west, but it came to my mind again when I saw people crossing the road at the intersection of Shaanxi Road and Huaihai Road in Shanghai. When the traffic light was red, a group of people were waiting for the ligh

31、t to change. Suddenly one man began rushing to the other side of the road. Soon others followed him at the crossing and more people did the same. Just like chickens, they didnt mind the honking horns(喇叭声) and kept crossing the road in a mess. 这一道猜测词义题可以根据上下文得出答案为C三、例题精析【例题1】【题干】阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Susan, the USMy best friend is Fanny. She is clever and interesting. We always look after each other. The first week we met, I got sick and she looked after me every day. Betty, EnglandMy best friend is Ana. She is honest and serious. We were born in the s