零基础大学英语教案6单元.docx

1、零基础大学英语教案6单元Detailed arrangementsPeriod I & IIStep 1: new words ( 35 minutes ) Ss read the new words by themselves and T explains their usage one by one. T helps Ss with reading and memorizing the new words from advertiset to sharp. Allow 6 minutes for Ss to go over the new words T checks Ss memoryS

2、tep 2: The Verb-ed Form ( 30 minutes )英语倒装的概念与分类英语句子的结构一般是“主语 + 谓语”，语法上称这种语序为自然语序。但有时由于出于语法结构的需要或修辞的需要，常把句子中的一部分或全部倒转过来，这种语序就是倒装语序。英语的倒装分为部分倒装和完全倒装。其中部分倒装指的是将谓语的一部分位于主语前，其句式与一般疑问句的相同。如：She hardly has time to listen to music.=Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 他几乎没时间听音乐。而完全倒装则指将谓语动词完全置于主语前

3、。完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件：谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词，且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。主语只能是名词。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。如：Away he went. 他跑远了。完全倒装用法归纳完全倒装，即将谓语移到主语前。英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有：1. 以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up,

4、down, off, away 等方向性副词开头的句子，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。Now comes your turn. 现在该你了。Then came a new difficulty. 这时又产生了一个新的困难。The door opened and in came Mr Li. 门开了，李先生进了来。注：若主语为代词，则不用倒装。如：The door opened and in she came. 门开了，她走了进来。2. 将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用倒装语序。如：Among them

5、 was my friend Jim. 他们当中就有我的朋友吉姆。Around the lake are some tall trees. 湖的四周有些高树。注：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。部分倒装用法归纳部分倒装，即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有：1. 含否定意义的词(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no mea

6、ns 等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：Never have I seen read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。Little do we know his life. 我们对他的生活了解得很少。By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。2. only 加状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 从句)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had

7、 happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。如：He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。He didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美，她妈妈年轻时也很美。4. 当虚拟条件

8、句含有 were, should, had 时，可省略 if，将 were, should, had 置于句首。如：Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝。Had I realized that(=If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点，我可能会采取某种行动。5. so.that 结构中，将 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序。如：So cold was the weather that we had to s

9、tay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。完全倒装的四种主要类型1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Heres Tom. 汤姆在这里。Theres Jim. 吉姆在那儿。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。

10、There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。【注意】(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。Here it comes. 它来了。(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name

11、 of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起

12、来了。【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：Away he went. 他跑远了。Down it came. 它掉了下来。3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于

13、句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions.

14、下列问题要仔细考虑。英语部分倒装用法归纳1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装： I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。She hardly h

15、as time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the a

16、irport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。【注意】(1) 对于notuntil句型，当not until位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：He didnt leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能

17、触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are you able to do it

18、 well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速

19、度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。【注意】(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为

20、neither或nor：You arent young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasnt read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：It was cold yesterday. So it was. “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”Father, you promised. Well, so I did. “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”5. 由not onlybut also引出的倒装当not onlybut also位于句首引出句子时，not

21、 only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：Had you come yesterday, you would have seen

22、 him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。Step 3: Corresponding exercises ( 30 minutes ) Ss are supposed to do Exercise and T chec

23、ks answers with SsIf time permits, Ss are supposed to do Exercise or the following additional exercises:I. 选择填空1. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers reali

24、ze 2. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _ with each other. A. they had quarrelled B. they have quarrelled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled 3. Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he c

25、ared 4. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 5. David has made great progress recently. _, and _. A. so he has; so you have B. so he has; so have you C. so has he; so have you D. so has he; so you h

26、ave 6. It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. My God! _. A. So did I B. So I did C. So were you D. So did you 7. Not a single song _ at yesterdays party. A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing 8. So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country t

27、hat I determined to learn English. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel 9. You forgot your purse when you went out. Good heavens, _. A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did 10. Only when your identity has been checked, _. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C

28、. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in 11. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _ so happy!A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt 12. _ can you expect to get a pay rise. A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works har

29、d 13. Only when the war was over _ to his hometown. A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return 14. Not only _ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest in it. A. the teacher himself is; all his students

30、 are B. the teacher himself is; are all his students C. is the teacher himself; are all his students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are 15.I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! _. A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I 16. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence mans lives. A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 【答案与解析】 1. A。以 not until 开头的句子要用部分倒装; 是一般过去时，在主语前要加did，谓语动词用原形。句意为：直到河里的鱼全死了村民们才认识到污染的严重性。 2. C。由否定意义的词 never once 开头，句子用部分倒装。前一并列分句已经提示要用现在完成时态。 3. B。以 little, n