外研选修7 Module 5 单元知识手册.docx

1、外研选修7 Module 5 单元知识手册Module 5 Ethnic Culture整合储单词词霸自主学diverse adj. 完全不同的；各不相同的 延伸: diversity n. 多样性；差异diversely adv. 不同地；各色各样地例句：The building houses a wide and diverse variety of antiques.这栋楼里摆放着大量各式各样的古董。native adj. 出生地的；土生土长的 延伸:native species乡土物种用法：be native to当地土生的 (动、植物)例句：It was his first visi

2、t to his native country since 1948.这是1948年以来他首次访问祖国。Thisspring-floweringplantis alsonativetoBritain,especially intheeasternparts.这种春天开花的植物原来也长在英国，特别是英国东部地区。bright-coloured adj. 颜色鲜艳的，鲜亮的延伸: 合成形容词 形容词 + 名词 +edabsent-minded （漫不经心的） blue-eyed （蓝眼睛的） good-tempered （好脾气的） kind-hearted （和善的）varied adj. 各种

3、各样的；形形色色的延伸: 延伸: variously adv. 不同地；多方面地vary vi. 变化variation n. 变化；生物 变异，变种例句： It is essential that your diet is varied and balanced.重要的是你的饮食应当是多样而平衡的。cobbled adj. 铺鹅卵石的 延伸: cobble n. 鹅卵石，圆石“名词+ed”后缀 英语中有一种形容词是由名词加上后缀ed构成。bearded有胡子的 mouthed有口的 waisted腰状的 willowed围以柳树的，多柳树的。例句：a cobbled courtyard一个铺

4、着鹅卵石的庭院。run v. 控制；管理例句：He helped his father run a shop in Shanghai.他协助父亲在上海经营一家商店。Please teach me how to run a business.请你教教我如何做买卖。inherit v. 继承 例句：He has no son to inherit his land.他没有儿子来继承他的土地。custom n. 风俗，习惯，传统延伸: customs n. 海关例句： The custom of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries.点燃奥运圣

5、火的风俗可追溯到几个世纪前。apparently adv. 看起来；显然延伸: apparent adj. 显然的；表面上的例句：Apparently the girls are not at all amused by the whole business.据说这些女孩们完全不觉得这整件事好笑。crop n. 庄稼，农作物例句：Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand.这里的稻农仍然用手工种植和收割庄稼。farm v. 种植；养殖 延伸: farmer n. 农夫，农民同义词：raise例句：They farm

6、ed some of the best land in the country.他们耕种着该国最好的一些土地。fish v. 捕鱼；钓鱼延伸: fisher n. 渔夫fishing n. 渔业例句：Brian remembers learning to fish in the Colorado River.布莱恩记得在科罗拉多河学过钓鱼。foolish adj. 愚蠢的，傻的延伸: fool n. 傻瓜；愚人；受骗者-ish后缀表示“像一样,有的”。devilish如恶魔的，穷凶恶极的，残暴的 childish小孩子气的、小孩子般的 reddish带红色的、变红的 yellowish微黄色的

7、，淡黄色的 selfish自私的例句：You ought to be ashamed of your foolish behaviour. 你应当为自己的愚蠢行为而感到羞耻。lame adj. 瘸的，跛的例句：He was aware that she was lame in one leg.他知道她有一条腿是瘸的。firm adj. 牢固的，稳固的延伸: firmly adv. 坚定地，坚决地；坚固地，稳固地例句：Although the Yakutians are a minority, they have firm control of the territory.虽然雅库特人是少数，但

8、他们却牢牢地控制着这个地区。ox n. （常用于干农活的）阉牛延伸: 复数形式oxennecklace n. 项链例句：Against her black dress, her diamond necklace stood out clearly. 在黑色连衣裙的衬托下，她那串钻石项链显得格外醒目。arch n. 弓状物；拱形物延伸: arched adj. 拱形的；有拱的；弓形结构的例句：When she passed under the arch leading out of the park, Mira cried outwith delight.从通向公园外的拱门下走过时，米拉高兴地喊

9、叫起来。rigid adj. 僵硬的；不动的；不能弯曲的例句：She was a fairly rigid person who had strong religious views.她是个相当刻板、有着很强宗教观念的人。fasten v. 系牢，缚紧 例句：Fasten your seat belt.系好你的安全带。loose adj. 稀松的，疏松的延伸: loosely adv 松弛地；松散地；宽松地；例句：She was still in her nightgown, with her hair hanging loose over her shoulders.她仍穿着睡衣，头发披散在

10、肩上。If a tooth feels very loose, your dentist may recommend that its taken out.如果有颗牙齿非常松动，你的牙医可能会建议拔掉它。tool n. 工具例句：I find the best tool for the purpose is a pair of shears.我发现达到这一目的的最好工具是一把大剪刀。chick n. 小鸟延伸: chicken n. 鸡肉例句：Thatchickpecksoutan earthwormfromtheearth.那只小鸡从土里啄出一条蚯蚓。fold v. 折叠，对折延伸: fol

11、ded adj. 折叠的；褶曲的例句：He folded the paper carefully.他小心地把那张纸折起来。adjust v. 适应，使适应用法： adjust to调节；调整以适应例句：I felt I had adjusted to the idea of being a mother very well.我感到我已经很好地适应了做母亲的想法。He stopped to try to adjust his vision to the faint starlight.他停下来，试着使眼睛适应昏暗的星光。furnish v. 为（房屋或房间）配备家具例句：The house is

12、 well furnished.这间房屋内布置得很好。bare adj. 赤裸的延伸: barely adv. 仅仅，勉强；几乎不例句：He looked down and saw that his bare feet were upon a dusty road.他低下头，看到他赤足站在一条满是尘土的路上。waist n. 腰，腰部延伸: waist line腰围线， 腰线 waist drum腰鼓 waist strain腰部劳损例句：Ricky kept his arm around her waist.里基搂着她的腰。awkward adj. 尴尬的，为难的延伸: awkwardly

13、adv. 笨拙地；无技巧地例句： I was the first to ask him awkward questions but therell be harder ones to come.我是第一个问他尴尬问题的人，但后面还会有更棘手的问题。gatherer n. 采集者延伸: gather vt. 收集；收割-er后缀表示“从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人”。 banker银行家，银行业者 observer观察者Londoner伦敦人 villager乡村居民，村民干货随时记minority n. 少数民族ethnic adj. 种族的；民族的 rainforest n. 热带雨林

14、 belt n. 腰带；裤带 maze n. 迷宫；曲径 property n. 财产apron n. 围裙 hieroglyphic adj. 象形文字的pineapple n. 菠萝，凤梨 bucket n. 桶hatch v. 孵化jewellery n. 珠宝，首饰splash v. （液体）溅落；飞溅 opera n. 歌剧 maize n. 玉米 script n. （一种语言的）书写字母ouch interj. （突然感到疼痛时的叫声）哎呦 hammer n. 榔头，锤子hop v. 单足蹦跳tyre n. 轮胎jungle n. 热带丛林soul n. （一个）人spear n

15、. 矛，梭镖，标枪 garment n. （一件）衣服 sleeve n. 袖子framework n. 构架，框架，结构fibre n. （植物的）纤维质 corn n. 谷物spade n. 铲，铁锹rooster n. 公鸡 mat n. 地垫；地席；蒲席teapot n. 茶壶 widow n. 寡妇，遗孀nephew n. 侄子；外甥garage n. 汽车修理厂pierce v. （声音、光、痛苦等）被突然听到（看到、感觉到等） aborigine n. （澳大利亚）土著居民 rainbow n. 彩虹，虹 巧记识短语behometo 是的生息地，栖息地，产地例句：Forests

16、are home to over 80% of terrestrial biodiversity. 森林是80%以上陆地生物多样性的家园。get lost in迷失例句：When the kid got lost in the park, the salesman led him to the police station. 当这个小孩在公园里走失的时候，营业员把他带到了警察局。run through贯穿例句：They ran through the forest in the dark.他们在黑暗中跑过森林。be full of energy充沛活力例句：Good sleep can kee

17、p you full of energy. 好的睡眠可以让你精力充沛。Though he is very thin, he is full of energy. 他虽然瘦小，但精力充沛。in use 在使用例句：Not all machine parts in use are standardized, however. 然而并非所有的在使用中的机械部件是标准化了的。put a spell on用咒符镇住例句：That wicked dwarf robbed me of all my treasure and put a spell on me so that I waschanged int

18、o a bear. 那个邪恶的小矮人抢去了我全部的财宝，还向我施了魔咒，把我变成了一只熊。fall for迷恋，爱上例句：Dick fell for baseball when he was a little boy.当迪克还是个小孩时，他就迷恋上了棒球运动。Jim fell for Mary in a big way when they first met.吉姆对玛丽一见钟情。come across偶遇；无意中发现例句：I came across this book in an old bookstore in London.我在伦敦一家旧书店里发现了这本书。 put sb up供给住宿；例

19、句：Im afraid I cant put you up.恐怕我不能给你们提供膳宿。I wanted to know if she could put me up for a few days.我想知道她能否让我留宿几天。Hundreds of commuters had to be put up in hotel rooms.数百名往返者只得留宿在旅馆的房间里。has a population of 有人口 例句：China has a population of more than 1.2 billion and its land natural resources per capita

20、 are lower than world average. 中国有12亿多人口，陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。in the distance 在远处 例句：The sound of the car died away in the distance. 小轿车发出的噪音消逝在远处。set off 出发，动身 例句：Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse in Connecticut.尼科尔斯启程前往他位于康涅狄格州的偏远农舍。探索理句型Sentence 1 The old town is on the side of a mountain a

21、nd opposite it is the 5,500metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain, its peak covered with snow. (P58) 古城依山而建，对面是海拔5，500米的玉龙雪山，山顶覆盖白雪皑皑。Sentence 2 The Bai have an agricultural economy, their main crops being rice, wheat, beans and cotton. (P65)人以农业经济为主，主要作物有水稻、小麦、豆类和棉花。【句型分析】第一句中and连接两个并列分句。第二个分句完全倒装句；its peak

22、 covered with snow为独立主格结构。第二句中their main crops being rice, wheat, beans and cotton也为独立主格结构。【重点梳理】独立主格结构独立主格结构是由名词或代词加现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语构成，用作状语。独立主格结构作状语，其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降临，我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。(= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a s

23、mall hotel.）独立主格结构作定语，其功能相当于一个定语从句。He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides. 他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。 (= He was walking along the road that didnt have any street lights on its both sides.)Sentence 3 They sit in small circles in the square, with their babies on their backs, c

24、ompletely uninterested in the tourists! (P58)她们围成小圈坐在广场上，身背孩子，对游客丝毫不感兴趣。【句型分析】这是一个简单句，句中with their babies on their backs为 “with +宾语+宾语补足语” 复合结构。completely uninterested in the tourists为形容词化的分词作伴随状语。【重点梳理】形容词化的分词作伴随状语。After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted. 国外旅行之后,理查德琼斯回

25、到家,感到筋疲力尽。Sentence 4 Seen from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in. (P58) 从上面俯看，古城就是一座由沟渠、小桥和鹅卵铺成的街巷构成的迷宫，游人极易迷失其中。Sentence 5 Passed from father to son, the music has not changed for eight centuries, and among the richer Naxi peo

26、ple, knowledge of this music showed that you were a real gentleman. (P59)纳西音乐世代相传，虽历经八个世纪仍保持原来的音韵。过去在纳西的富人当中，懂音乐才称得上真正的君子。【句型分析】第4句为主从复合句，句中that引导定语从句，Seen from above为过去分词短语作状语。第5句中and连接两个并列句，第二个分句中that引导宾语从句。【重点梳理】过去分词作状语。过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。Written in a hurry,this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙，这篇

27、文章不是很好。有些过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表状态，如：lost (迷路); seated (坐); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。Sentence 6 The Naxi still wear traditional costume the women wear blue blouses and trousers covered by a blue or black apron. (P58)纳西人仍然穿着传统的民族服装，妇女们穿着蓝色的衣裤，外面罩着蓝色或黑色的多褶围裙。

28、Sentence 7 This story is shown in pictures in books put together in the 10th century, and there are still a few copies of these ancient books in Lijiang. (P59) 在10世纪编集的书里能找到关于这个传说的图画，今天的丽江仍然能见到这些书的抄本。【句型分析】以上两句中的covered by a blue or black apron以及put together in the 10th century为过去分词短语作定语。【重点梳理】过去分词短

29、语作定语。作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。如果是单个的过去分词用作定语，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。Sentence 8 Sometimes the instruments sounded like women crying, or trees bending under snow. (P59)他们演奏的音乐听

30、起来时而像怨妇幽泣，时而像雪压树枝。【句型分析】这是一个简单句，句中women crying, or trees bending under snow为动名词的复合结构作宾语。【重点梳理】动名词的复合结构物主代词人称代词或名词所有格普通格与动名词连用，构成动名词复合结构。物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语。动名词复合结构在句中做主语、宾语或表语。动名词复合结构做主语时，只能用所有格或物主代词。At the beginning of class, the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard outside the cla

31、ssroom. 开始上课时, 在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音。The presidents attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.市长的亲自出席会议给了他们很大的鼓励。Sentence 9 For example, it is the women who run Naxi society, and until recently, Naxi women inherited all property. (P58) 例如，管理纳西族社会的是妇女，而且近来还是由纳西族的妇女来继承全部财产。【句型分析】这是一个主从复合句，句中until引导时间状语从句。主句为强调 句，强调句子的主语。Sentence 10 Ive learnt so much about the Naxi culture, and I now understand that although people may seem very different from you, we all