高考英语学业水平测试复习阅读理解第Ⅱ题专题一事实细节类题目.docx

1、高考英语学业水平测试复习阅读理解第题专题一事实细节类题目教学课件第题阅读理解专题一事实细节类题目命题特点针对原文具体叙述本身设问，可以直接或间接的从文中找到答案，常以who，which，what，where等设问。考查重点(1)直接理解题(信息可在原文中直接找到答案)。(2)语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。方法技巧1查读法(1)速读全文，明确段落中心句，掌握大意。(2)按文章体裁、作者组材方式寻找关键信息词。(3)找到细节，认真推敲甚至计算等。2按组材模式阅读(常见模式)(1)列举型：抓住作者所举事例。(2)时间、空间型：掌握具体的时间、地点。(3)分类、例证型：掌

2、握例证的事实细节，以便得到答案。(4)程序型：理清说明事物的顺序，从而得出答案。(5)因果分析型：理清因果关系，从而推出答案。(6)比较、对比型：通过比较，对比事实细节，找到答案。(7)留意不含阿拉伯数字，但代表时间或数量的单词。如：at dawn(黎明时)，score(20)，fortnight(14 days)，century(100 years)，quarter (/15 minutes)，decade(10years)，a season(3 months)，week(7days)，couple (2个)，double/doubled(翻倍)，multiplied(乘)，be divid

3、ed(除以)，average(平均)，sum(求和)，in all(总共)。Passage 1Last nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly

4、 burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it tur

5、ned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to

6、 take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.According to the Int

7、ernational DarkSky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think

8、it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations i

9、n its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在Fl

10、agstaff，Arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。1It happened last night that _A. the citys lights affected the meteor watchingBthe meteors flew past before being noticedCthe city light show attracted many peopleDthe meteor watching ended up a social outing 解析：根据第一段最后一句“.so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened

11、 the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选A。答案：A2What do the astronomers complain about?AMeteor showers occur less often than before.BTheir observation equipment is in poor repair.CLight pollution has remained unsolved for years.DTheir eyesight is failing due to artifi

12、cial lighting.解析：根据第三段“.have been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from.”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选C。答案：C3What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?ABirds may take other migration paths.BAnimals living habits may change suddenl

13、y.CVarieties of animals will become sharply reduced.DAnimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.解析：根据第四段第一、二句“.that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.”以及本段最后一句“.100 million birds a year throughout.die in crashes with lighted b

14、uildings and towers.”可知，作者第四段主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选D。答案：D4Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to_Alessen the chance of getting cancerBcreate an ideal observation conditionCensure citizens a good sleep at nightDenable all creatures to live in harmony解析：根据第六段第二句

15、“.has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at.”可知，这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选B。答案：B5What message does the author most want to give us?ASaving wildlife is saving ourselves.BGreat efforts should be made to save energy.CHuman activities should be environmentallyfrien

16、dly.DNew equipment should be introduced for space study.解析：根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对人们生活、工作以及动物的生存造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选C。答案：CPassage 2Studying volcanoes is a demanding profession. Hazel Rymer frequently has to struggle through rainforests, climb to the top of mountains, then climb 200 metr

17、es into the crater of active volcanoes. But the 38yearold volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. “Driving to work is more risky，” she insists. “And the deepest I go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres，” she adds, trying to make it all sound as ordinary as

18、 taking the dog for a walk. Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so its not surprising she is used to the danger. Her interest in volcanoes began at school. A teacher gave her a book about Pompeii. “I remember reading about the eruption of Vesuvius and the destruction of the city，” she

19、 explains. “The thought of all those people just frozen in time had quite an effect on me and I am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.” Nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. The

20、se have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying them is more dangerous than ever before. Hazel says that although she doesnt take any unnecessary risk, she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, when she was slowly surrounde

21、d by lava. “I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，” she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. “I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1，000C, so if you hesitated, your boots would begin to melt. It was sca

22、ry, but it really was a practical decisionthere wasnt time to do anything else.”And what about the future? “I havent been to the volcanoes in Indonesia yet. And I would love to spend some time working in the Antarctic，” she says. “I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcan

23、oes and why other volcanoes go bang.” In other words, Hazel Rymer wont be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of driving to work just yet.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了火山学家Hazel Rymer的一些关于火山的研究活动。尽管研究火山充满不可预测的风险，但是Hazel也不会改变自己的选择。1Hazels claim that “driving to work is more risky” than exploring volcano

24、es shows that _Apeople have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the pastBHazel does not really understand the dangerous situations she puts herself inCthere are many bad drivers in the place where Hazel livesDHazel is being modest and understating the dangers she faces 解析：由此句话的前一句“But the 38year

25、old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is.”以及此句话可知，Hazel Rymer说开车上班比对火山进行研究更危险可推断出，她是以一种谦虚的说法淡化其面临的危险。答案：D2When did Hazel first become interested in volcanoes?AWhen she was visiting Italy.BWhen she was at school.CWhen she was twenty.DWhen she saw Vesuvius. 解析：由第二段第二句“

26、Her interest in volcanoes began at school.”可知她在读书时就对火山感兴趣。答案：B3The underlined word “These” (in Paragraph 3) refers to “_”Amelting ice capsBvolcanic eruptionsCchanges in sea level Dhigher temperatures解析：由画线词的前一句话“There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps.

27、”可知画线词应该指的是海平线的变化。答案：C4When Hazel was on Mount Etna, she had to _Atake a dangerous routeBtake an unnecessary riskCleave her boots behindDwalk for ten hours around the mountain解析：由第三段最后几句“I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，she explains.She chose

28、to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream.I guess it was five metres.The flow was 1，000 ， so if you hesitated, your boots would begin to melt.It was scary, but it really was a practical decision there wasnt time to do anything else.”可知她选择了从熔岩流中走过，而这是一条危险的路。答案：A5In the future, Hazel w

29、ants to _Arevisit volcanoes she knowsBgo on holiday to the AntarcticCfind a less dangerous jobDdiscover new things about volcanoes解析：由最后一段内容“.I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.”可知，Hazel将继续对火山进行研究，并发现一些新的东西。答案：DPassage 3Online clo

30、thes shoppers will be told exactly what size is best, for them using new software which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a “3D tape measure”. Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a programme which can take precise wai

31、st, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images. Using the persons height as a starting point, the software will be able to build up and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions.The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previ

32、ous systems based on the waist size or a “small/medium/large” scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyers perception of their own body size. Shoppers and retailers(零售商) who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order m