英语动词.docx

1、英语动词动词1） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。2） 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。系动词系动词亦称

2、联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如： He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） He fell off the ladder.他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保

3、持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of clot

4、h feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如：The rumor proved false.这谣

5、言证实有假。The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）什么是助动词1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如： He doesnt like English.他不喜欢英语。（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： a. 表示时态，例如：He is singing.他在

6、唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。 b. 表示语态，例如：He was sent to England.他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？ d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that.

7、他的确知道那件事。3） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would助动词be的用法1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态，例如：They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。2)be + 过去分词，构成被动语态，例如：The window was broken by Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。3） be + 动词不定式

8、，可表示下列内容：a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如： He is to go to New York next week.他下周要去纽约。 We are to teach the freshpersons.我们要教新生。说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。b. 表示命令，例如：You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。c.征求意见，例如：How am I to answer him?我该怎样答复他？Who is to go there?谁该去那儿

9、呢？d. 表示相约、商定，例如：We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。助动词have的用法1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如： I have been studying English for

10、ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。3）have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。助动词do 的用法1） 构成一般疑问句，例如： Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗？ Did you study German?你们学过德语吗？2） do + not 构成否定句，例如： I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。 He doesnt like to study. 他不

11、想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3)构成否定祈使句，例如：Dont go there.不要去那里。Dont be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4） 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。I did go there.我确实去那儿了。I do miss you.我确实想你。助动词shall和wi

12、ll的用法 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:He shall come.他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）He will come.他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）助

13、动词should,would的用法1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如： I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。比较： What shall I do next week?I asked. 我下周干什么？我问道。（可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。）2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如： He said he would come.

14、他说他要来。比较： I will go, he said. 他说：我要去那儿。变成间接引语，就成了：He said he would come. 原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。1. Its _ rather cold. I shall put my jacket on.A. starting B. looking C. getting D. feeling2. Sorry, sir, I must leave for the airport. The plane will _ off at 7：30.-OK. You can go first.A. take B. set

15、 C. put D. get3. This silk dress _ so smooth. Its made in China.A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. feels4. The library assistant says I can the magazine for two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. buy D. keep 5. The stones are so heavy. How _ they _ to the top of the building without modern machines?A. do; lif

16、t B. did; lift C. were; lifted6. Can I help you?-I bought this watch here yesterday, but it _work.A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D.wouldnt 7. The Earth Buildings of Nanjing are so fantastic that they _ lots of tourists every year.A. attract B. allow C. attack D. attend8. Doing exercise every day can mak

17、e you stay healthy. (词语释义)_A. live B. keep C. become 9. Do you like the song You and Me?-Of course! It _ really beautiful.A. listens B. sounds C. thinks D. what 10. Rose _ her chocolate bar with a friend. Both of them were happy. A. started B. worked C. shared D. compared 11. The small child was not

18、 old enough to _ himself.A. have B. wear C. dress D. put12. I asked Danny to _ me my book, but he brought me his book. A. take B. fetch C. carry D. match 13. The football team played well, but they didnt _ the competition.A. score B. do C. succeed D. win14. Could you please _ the floor? Its dirty.A.

19、 make B. sweep C. do D. fold15. Yao Ming is getting a lot better than expected.-But his doctor _ he shouldnt be in a hurry to return to training.A. imagines B. notices C. wonders D. warns16. Could you _ these books to the classroom?A. put B. take C. bring D. make17. Go along the street. The museum i

20、s just on your right. You cant _ it.A. make B. find C. miss D. fail18. What do you know about Walt Disney?-He _ cartoons for newspapers.A. sent B. wrote C. read D. drew19. Long time no see!-Oh, it _ like years since I last saw you.A. looks B. seems C. feels D. sounds。20. What a day! Its raining agai

21、n. Im afraid we cant fly a kite.-Dont worry. It wont _ long. A. live B. last C. wait D. go21. Dont forget to _ “Thank you” when someone opens the door for you.A. tell B. say C. speak D. talk22. What a beautiful watch! Is it new?-No, I have _ it for 2 years.A. had B. sold C. borrowed D. bought23. Wou

22、ld you please _ your storybook _ me?Sure, But you must return it to me before Wednesday.A. borrow; to B. keep; for C. lend; to D. buy; for24. (2009宜昌中考) -Whatabouttakingataxi tothe FriendshipStore?-Icannot _ it. Lets take the subwayinstead.A. choose B. pay C. regard D. afford25 It will _ us several

23、years to learn a foreign language well.A. cost B. take C. spend D. use26.When did your uncle _ in Shanghai?-The day before yesterday.A. arrive B. get C. reach 27.What is Mum cooking in the kitchen?-Fish, I guess. How nice it _!A. looks B. sounds C. tastes D. smells28. -Did you wash your clothes?-No,

24、 I was going to wash my clothes but I _ visitors.A. have had B. have C. had D. will have情态动词用法归纳 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 一、 can, could 1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this he

25、avy box?（体力） Mry can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。 -Can I go

26、 now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示

27、推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be true? 二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant 或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。 -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can. (No, yo

28、u cant / mustnt. ) 用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。 2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 1He may /might be very busy now. 2Your mother may /might not know the truth. 三、 must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准）

29、，而用neednt, dont have to（不必）. - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 1 he play isnt interesting, I really must go now. 2 I had to work when I was your age. 3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句） 1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 四、 dare, need 1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句