高二升高三第二讲教师版.docx

1、高二升高三第二讲教师版高二升高三衔接班 第二讲英语时态1.一般过去时（The Past Indefinite）定义、标志词及运用2.过去进行时（The Past Continuous）定 义、标志词及运用3.现在完成时 (The Present Perfect )定义、标志词及运用4.过去完成时 (The Past Perfect )定义、标志词及运用动词时态的考察一直是高考命题的重点, 而近几年对于时态的考察则是结合了语境, 突出了交际, 更加地灵活,但万变不离其宗, 本课的目的就在于帮助同学们准确把握时态的基本用法, 从容应对高考. 一般过去时（The Past Indefinite）的定

2、义及用法 过去进行时The Past Continuous 定义及用法所谓动词时态,是指谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间和状态. Section A 一般过去时（The Past Indefinite） 一般过去时的定义：表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态.(包括习惯性动作)时间状语:yesterday, last week, ago, later, in 1980 一般用法:(定义) I had supper at 6:30. I wasnt at home last night.My father often took me to visit my grandpa when

3、he was alive. 特殊用法: 1.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中过去将来的动作 He said he would come if he was not busy.2. 有些情况发生的时间不很清楚(无明确时间状语), 但实际是过去发生的. I was glad to get your letter.What did you say? What was the final score?3. 特殊句型; Its time that did/was/were.4.有时过去时态只表示委婉的语气*Did you want to see me? Could you help me?

4、【典型例题】1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of he, class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. （04 北京，28）A. was B. were C. had been D. would be本题考查时态及主谓一致的两个问题。 根据主谓一致的原则， 应先排除B项,因为本句的主语是the teacher，为第三人称单数；此外根据时间状语从句when the earthquake struck很容易看出是A项。2. She _ her hairstyle in her homet

5、own before she came to Chongqing for a better job.A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing 本题考查的是和before引导的从句连用的时态，因为两个动作连接得很紧密，所以就用过去时来表示选C3. All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged本句的主语是all the em

6、ployment，所以谓语动词应当用复数；encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事，结合句意，显然用被动语态。选D4. The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came时态应与从句保持一致 选D5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of thi

7、s new technology. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun因when 引导的是一个非限定性定语，其先行词是1990，指过去的一个时间。应该用过去时。选B6. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded根据选项中persuade这个词是

8、及物动词，排除A和B，因为我们经常说persuade sb. to do sth. 但是题干中没有宾语, 所以应该用被动语态。选D7. I _ you not to move my dictionary now I cant find it. A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked根据句意，应该是过去的事，因此应该用过去时，排除B，C项过去进行时表示过去“未完成性”。D 项 had asked 表示过去的过去。选A8. According to the art dealer, the painting _ to go for at least a

9、million dollars. A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expectingbe expected to do 表示有可能会。选ASection B 过去进行时（The Past Continuous）过去进行时：表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作【标志词】this morning, the whole morning, the all day, from nine to ten, this time yesterday.一般用法：1.过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作The teacher came in when they w

10、ere talking.He was reading while she was watching TV.2.与 always, continually, constantly, all the time等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作,含有某种感情色彩, 如赞扬, 遗憾, 讨厌,不满等（同现在进行时）3.过去进行时表示两个同时发生的动作，强调对比，常用连词 when, while, as来引导，主句用一般过去时。When he came in, we were watching TV.4.把过去进行时的某一个动作作为叙述的背景，以说明另一个动作的发生。I was walking in the

11、 street the other day when suddenly a car stopped beside me.The baby was crying, and suddenly the crying stopped.I was leaving the house, when the telephone rang.特殊用法：.hope, want, wonder等的过去进行时用来提出请求，表示委婉的语气，实际表示现在的情况I was hoping you could send me some money stamps.( I hope)e, go , plan , expect, ho

12、pe, intend, look forward to 等词可用进行时表达本来打算做实际没做成的事He was expecting to finish the work last month , but the machine went wrong.3.在口语中过去进行时可表示最近刚刚过去的事情_What did you say?-I was asking what you thought of it.【典型例题】1. What were you doing when Tony phoned you? I had just finished my work and _ to take a sh

13、ower。A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting因本句问的是过去的事情，所以应首先排除C项，因为C项是现在时。问句问的是当Tony给你打电话时你在干什么，所以回答用过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作非常恰当。选D2. You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have wait

14、ed表示过去的某个时间内，正在发生的动作。选A3. Because the shop _ , all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down现在进行时表示将来 选C4. Has Sam finished his homework today ? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done根据后面时间状

15、语从句this morning，可判断为过去时。选C5. - I dont suppose the police know who did it.- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now.A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned6. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_.A. takes off B.

16、 is taking off C. has taken off D. took off7. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage.A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repairedSection C 现在完成时 (The Present Perfect ) 现在完成时: 表示动作在过去已经完成, 但对现在仍有影响.【标志词】already, yet, before, just, ever, lately, rec

17、ently, often, sometimes, never, once, twice , for , since &现在完成时的用法I.“已完成”用法:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，notyet等不确定的时间状语连用。Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）Ive finished my homework now.现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结

18、果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）She has become a teacher.她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 day

19、s ago,since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。He has lived here for 30 years.他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）Theyve known each other since childhood.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来）How long have you studied English？你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如often, always,

20、every week, twice等连用。I have been to the Summer Palace twice.我曾经去过颐和园两次。He has always said so.他总是这么说.&现在完成时的时间状语I.现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finishe

21、d our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b. 用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,b

22、ut I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent.今天你见过他吗？我没有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？II。短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：c

23、ome, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换如： fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill)get to know know begin,(start) be on open be open buy have get up be up die be deadgo out be out come be inclose be c

24、losed arrive be here join be in, be a +名词 finish( end )be over leave, move be away, borrow keep go to school be a student catch(a cold) have(a cold)begin to study study come back be back put on wear 或be on如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

25、The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。&几点注意事项I. have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北

26、京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。II.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：1.一般过去时表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作，而现在完成时讲的是迄今为止的这一段时间的情况，一个影响现状的

27、动作，无论从时间上，后果上和现在联系起来了 Has Marry come？（现在是否在这里？）Did Marry come？（刚才在吗？）I lost my watch.（可能找到了）Ive lost my watch.（还没找到）2.现在完成进行时表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作.(可能仍在进行， 也可能停了一会儿.) How long has it been raining?Ive been sitting here all afternoon.She has been cycling to work for the last 3 weeks.注意：一般过去时仅表示在过去某个时

28、间已经发生的动作; 现在完成时的动作发生在过去, 但对现在有影响; 现在完成进行时则是涉及了3个时间, 开始在过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续到将来.【典型例题】1. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding.A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned2. - _ leave at the end of this month.- I dont think you sho

29、uld do that until _ another job.A. Im going to; youd found B. Im going to; youve foundC. Ill; youll find D. Ill; youd find3. We _ our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names.A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met4. Customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right change be

30、fore leaving the shop.（时态+语态）A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given5. I _in London for many years，but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived6. Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D.