1、思科cisco 交换机 常用配置手册思科cisco 交换机 常用配置手册 思科3750交换机常用配置手册 目录 说明 (3) 产品特性 (3) 配置端口 (4) 配置一组端口 (4) 配置二层端口 (6) 配置端口速率及双工模式 (6) 端口描述 (7) 配置三层口 (8) 监控及维护端口 (10) 监控端口和控制器的状态 (10) 刷新、重置端口及计数器 (12) 关闭和打开端口 (13) 配置VLAN (14) 理解VLAN (14) 可支持的VLAN (15) 配置正常范围的VLAN (15) 生成、修改以太网VLAN (15) 删除VLAN (17) 将端口分配给一个VLAN (18)
2、 配置VLAN Trunks (19) 使用STP实现负载均衡 (22) 说明 本手册只包括日常使用的有关命令及特性,其它未涉及的命令及特性请参考英文的详细配置手册。 产品特性 3750EMI是支持二层、三层功能(EMI)的交换机 支持VLAN ?到1005 个VLAN ?支持VLAN ID从1到4094( IEEE 802.1Q 标准) ?支持ISL及IEEE 802.1Q封装 安全 ?支持IOS标准的密码保护 ?静态MAC地址映射 ?标准及扩展的访问列表支持,对于路由端口支持入出双向的访问列表,对于二层端口支持入的访问列表 ?支持基于VLAN的访问列表 3层支持(需要多层交换的IOS) ?
3、HSRP ?IP路由协议 o RIP versions 1 and 2 o OSPF o IGRP及EIGRP o BGP Version 4 监视 ?交换机LED指示端口状态 ?SPAN及远端SPAN (RSPAN) 可以监视任何端口或VLAN的流量 ?内置支持四组的RMON监控功能(历史、统计、告警及事件) ?Syslog功能 其它功能: 支持以下的GBIC模块: ?1000BASE-T GBIC: 铜线最长100 m ?1000BASE-SX GBIC: 光纤最长1804 feet (550 m) ?1000BASE-LX/LH GBIC: 光纤最长32,808 feet (6 mile
4、s or 10 km) ?1000BASE-ZX GBIC: 光纤最长328,084 feet (62 miles or 100 km) 配置端口 配置一组端口 命令目的 Step 1 configure terminal进入配置状态 Step 2 interface range port-range 进入组配置状态 Step 3 可以使用平时的端口配置命令 进行配置 Step 4 end退回 Step 5 show interfacesinterface-id 验证配置 保存 Step 6 copy running-config startup-config 当使用interface ran
5、ge命令时有如下的规则: ?有效的组范围: o vlan从1 到4094 o fastethernet槽位/first port - last port, 槽位为0 o gigabitethernet槽位/first port - last port,槽位为0 o port-channel port-channel-number - port-channel-number, port-channel号从1到64 ?端口号之间需要加入空格,如:interface range fastethernet 0/1 5是有效的,而interface range fastethernet 0/1-5是无效
6、的. ?interface range命令只能配置已经存在的interface vlan ?所有在同一组的端口必须是相同类别的。 见以下例子: Switch# configure terminal Switch(config)# interface range fastethernet0/1 - 5 Switch(config-if-range)# no shutdown Switch(config-if-range)# *Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Oct 6
7、08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed
8、 state to up *Oct 6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/05, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/4,
9、changed state to up 以下的例子显示使用句号来配置不同类型端口的组: Switch# configure terminal Switch(config)# interface range fastethernet0/1 - 3, gigabitethernet0/1 - 2 Switch(config-if-range)# no shutdown Switch(config-if-range)# *Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:2
10、9:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, chang
11、ed state to up *Oct 6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/ 1, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/ 2, changed state to up *Oct 6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEtherne
12、t0/ 3, changed state to up 配置二层端口 3750的所有端口缺省的端口都是二层口,如果此端口已经配置成三层端口的话,则需要用switchport来使其成为二层端口。 配置端口速率及双工模式 可以配置快速以太口的速率为10/100Mbps及千兆以太口的速率为 10/100/1000-Mbps; 但对于GBIC端口则不能配置速率及双工模式,有时可以配 置nonegotiate,当需要联接不支持自适应的其它千兆端口时 命令目的 Step 1 configure terminal进入配置状态. 进入端口配置状态. Step 2 interface interface-id S
13、tep 3 speed 10 | 100 | 1000 设置端口速率 | auto | nonegotiate 注1000 只工作在千兆口. GBIC模块 只工作在1000 Mbps下. nonegotiate 只 能在这些GBIC上用 1000BASE-SX, -LX, and -ZX GBIC. 设置全双工或半双工. Step 4 duplex auto | full | half Step 5 end退出 Step 6 show interfaces 显示有关配置情况 interface-id 保存 Step 7 copy running-config startup-config Sw
14、itch# configure terminal Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/3 Switch(config-if)# speed 10 Switch(config-if)# duplex half 端口描述 命令目的 Step 1 configure terminal进入配置模式 Step 2 interface interface-id进入要加入描述的端口 Step 3 description string加入描述 (最多240个 字符). Step 4 end退回. Step 5 show interfaces interface-id
15、 验证. description or show running-config Step 6 copy running-config startup-config保存 Use the no description interface configuration command to delete the description. This example shows how to add a description on Fast Ethernet interface 0/4 and to verify the description: Switch# config terminal Ente
16、r configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/4 Switch(config-if)# description Connects to Marketing Switch(config-if)# end Switch# show interfaces fastethernet0/4 description Interface Status Protocol Description Fa0/4 up down Connects to Marketing
17、 配置三层口 Catalyst 3750支持三种类型的三层端口: ?SVIs: 即interface vlan Note当生成一个interface Vlan时,只有当把某一物理端口分配给它时才 能被激活 ?三层以太网通道口(EtherChannel) ?.路由口:路由口是指某一物理端口在端口配置状态下用no switchport命令生成的端口 所有的三层都需要IP地址以实现路由交换 配置步骤如下: 命令目的 Step 1 configure terminal进入配 置状态 Step 2 interface fastethernet | gigabitethernet interface-id
18、 | vlan vlan-id | port-channel port-channel-number 进入端口配置状态 Step 3 no switchport把物理 端口变 成三层 口 Step 4 ip address ip_address subnet_mask配置IP 地址和 掩码 Step 5 no shutdown激活端 口 Step 6 end退出 Step 7 show interfaces interface-id show ip interface interface-id show running-config interface interface-id 验证配置 St
19、ep 8 copy running-config startup-config保存配 置 配置举例如下: Switch# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/2 Switch(config-if)# no switchport Switch(config-if)# ip address 192.20.135.21 255.255.255.0 Switch(config-if)# no s
20、hutdown Switch(config-if)# end show ip interface命令: Switch# show ip interface gigabitethernet0/2 GigabitEthernet0/2 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 192.20.135.21/24 Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 Address determined by setup command MTU is 1500 bytes Helper address is not set Dir
21、ected broadcast forwarding is disabled 监控及维护端口 监控端口和控制器的状态 主要命令见下表: Show Commands for Interfaces Command 目的 show interfaces interface-id 显示所有端口或某一端口的状态和配 置. show interfaces interface-id status err-disabled 显示一系列端口的状态或错误关闭的状态 show interfaces interface-id switchport 显示二层端口的状态,可以用来决定此口是否为二层或三层口。 show i
22、nterfaces interface-id description 显示端口描述 show ip interface interface-id 显示所有或某一端口的IP可用性状 态 show running-config interface interface-id 显示当前配置中的端口配置情况 show version显示软硬件等情况 举例如下: Switch# show interfaces status Port Name Status Vlan Duplex Speed Type Gi0/1 connected routed a-full a-100 10/100/1000Base
23、TX Gi0/2 wce server 20.20.2 disabled routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/3 ip wccp web-cache notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/4 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/5 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/6 disabled routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX
24、 Gi0/7 disabled routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/8 disabled routed auto 100 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/9 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/10 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/11 disabled routed auto auto unknown Gi0/12 notconnect routed auto auto unknown Switch#
25、 show interfaces fastethernet 0/1 switchport Name: Fa0/1 Switchport: Enabled Administrative Mode: static access Operational Mode: down Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Negotiation of Trunking: Off Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking VLANs Enabled
26、: ALL Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001 Protected: false Unknown unicast blocked: disabled Unknown multicast blocked: disabled Voice VLAN: dot1p (Inactive) Appliance trust: 5 Switch# show running-config interface fastethernet0/2 Building configuration. Current configuration : 131 bytes ! interface FastE
27、thernet0/2 switchport mode access switchport protected no ip address mls qos cos 7 mls qos cos override end 刷新、重置端口及计数器 Clear命令目的 clear counters interface-id 清除端口计数器. clear interface interface-id重置某一端口的硬件逻辑 clear line number | console 0 | vty number 重置异步串口的硬件逻辑 Note clear counters 命令只清除用show interfa
28、ce所显示的计数,不影响用snmp得到的计数 举例如下: Switch# clear counters fastethernet0/5 Clear show interface counters on this interface confirm y Switch# *Sep 30 08:42:55: %CLEAR-5-COUNTERS: Clear counter on interface FastEthernet0/5 by vty1 (171.69.115.10) 可使用clear interface 或 clear line 命令来清除或重置某一端口或串口,在大部分情况下并不需要这样做
29、: Switch# clear interface fastethernet0/5 关闭和打开端口 命令目的 Step 1 configure terminal进入配 置状态 Step 2 interface vlan vlan-id | fastethernet | gigabitethernet interface-id | port-channel port-channel-number 选择要关闭的端口 Step 3 shutdown关闭 Step 4 end退出 Step 5 show running-config验证 使用 no shutdown 命令重新打开端口. 举例如下: S
30、witch# configure terminal Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/5 Switch(config-if)# shutdown Switch(config-if)# *Sep 30 08:33:47: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to a administratively down Switch# configure terminal Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/5 Switch(config-if)# no shutdown Switch(config-if)# *Sep 30 08:36:00: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interfa
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