1、考研英语真题及解析黄皮书2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experie
2、nce. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 4 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-c
3、onscious and need the 5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 8 ,publishing newslet
4、ters with many student-written book reviews, 9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students nee
5、d the 12 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on
6、 to 16 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rule
7、s. 1. A thought B idea C opinion D advice 2. A strengthen B accommodate C stimulate D enhance 3. A care B nutrition C exercise D leisure4. A If B Although C Whereas D Because 5. A assistance B guidance C confidence D tolerance 6. A claimed B admired C ignored D surpassed 7. A improper B risky C fair
8、 D wise 8. A in effect B as a result C for example D in a sense 9. A displaying B describing C creating D exchanging 10. A durable B excessive C surplus D multiple11. A group B individual C personnel D corporation 12. A consent B insurance C admission D security 13. A particularly B barely C definit
9、ely D rarely 14. A similar B long C different D short 15. A if only B now that C so that D even if 16. A everything B anything C nothing D something 17. A off B down C out D alone 18. A On the contrary B On the average C On the whole D On the other hand 19. A making B standing C planning D taking 20
10、. A capability B responsibility C proficiency D efficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter
11、net. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionagespying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has
12、already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well. The latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the
13、 World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large mar
14、gin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions,whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling t
15、he results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collecti
16、on and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science profess
17、or. “And well hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence b
18、ackgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.21. The
19、emergence of the Net has . A received support from fans like Donovan B remolded the intelligence services C restored many common pastimes D revived spying as a profession22. Donovans story is mentioned in the text to .A introduce the topic of online spyingB show how he fought for the USC give an epi
20、sode of the information warD honor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probably means .A causing the biggest troubleB exerting the greatest effortC achieving the greatest successD enjoying the widest popularity24. It can be learned from
21、paragraph 4 that .A straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved trueB straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability D straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25. Straitford is most proud of its .A official st
22、atusB nonconformist imageC efficient staffD military backgroundText 2 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals ha
23、ve rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on
24、 public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair
25、was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animalsno meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to sa
26、y yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable wayin human terms, not in the langu
27、age of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new tre
28、atments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a d
29、eceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Ste
30、phen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.26. The author begins his article wit
31、h Edmund Burkes words to .A call on scientists to take some actionsB criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC warn of the doom of biomedical researchD show the triumph of the animal rights movement27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .A cruel but naturalB inhuman and unacceptableC inevitable but vicious D pointless and wasteful28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics .A discontent with animal researchB ignorance about medical scienceC indifference
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