情态动词.docx

1、情态动词一、何谓“情态动词”？情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。二、情态动词的特点1.没有人称和数的变化。2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:e.g. will would , can could , may might , dare dared三、情态动词的否定形式情态动词+ not +动词原形 can not: cant , must not: mustnt

2、 , need not : neednt四、情态动词的用法及相互间的区别1. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须 We must make every effort towards peace.-Must I get to the station before three oclock?-Yes, you must. (No, you _ . )You must not play ball games in the passage.2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。只能用于肯定句You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.Th

3、ey have bought another car. They must have a lot of money.There must be something wrong with the computer.They are playing basketball, so they must have finished their homework.他们在玩篮球， 他们一定写完了作业。must have done 表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet. It _ last night. Rex肯定是已经忘了约会的事了。_3) Must

4、用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏, 非要。Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter must go and do the opposite. - Who was that girl? - Well, if you must know, her name is Mable.2. can, could1). 能，有能力，会;（过去式 could）The police havent found the criminal but they are doing all they can.Can you swim? This machine can m

5、ake you feel comfortable.The knife can also be used as a can opener.I could read when I was four. Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was able to tell what had happened.战争爆发前他成功地逃离了欧洲. _ 2)允许、可以；I told her she could watch TV till bed time.In soccer, you cant touch the ball with your hands.3)用

6、于拜托，请求。“能。吗？”“可以。吗？”Excuse me, can/could you tell me the way to the station?I wonder if you could help me.4) 有时会。It can get pretty cold here at night. He can be very troublesome sometimes.5)表示推测，只能用在否定句或疑问句中。-Can the girl over there be Mary?- It cant be her. She is ill in hospital.6). could (not) ha

7、ve done 对过去发生行为的可能性进行推测: “可能了”“不可能了/来着”I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.The door was locked. She couldnt have been at home.7） can/could have done “本可以，本来能够” You could have had a better mark. But you wasnt careful enough. The letter could have got lost in the post. (NMET2008山东，24）Tha

8、nk you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed3.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room? -No, you mustnt. (Yes, you may.)2) -Might I

9、make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.1).可以- May I have the car on Sunday? - Yes, you may. (No, you _.)I asked him if I might leave. You look lovely in this coat, if I may say so.You may now kiss the bride.2).May/might表示推测时，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大They may come here tomorrow. They may be still waiting for us.H

10、e might be doing his homework now.3).might/may have done,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测， 他可能去医务室了。 He may have gone to the clinic.He might have read about the news in the newspaper.4). 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you have a nice trip! May the sunshine warm upon your face and the wind be always at your back.5). They may well

11、win because they are well prepared.(很可能）7).Since we are just sitting here, we may/might as well have a drink. 倒不如 ， 还是好4. shall 1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。- Shall I place an order with you now? - No, you neednt. Shall the visitor turn come in now? 2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。You shall

12、 have the English book as soon as I finish it.Once he is found guilty, everything that he owns shall be taken away from him. 3) 用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。“The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. s

13、hallEveryone shall remain seated until the papers are collected. 5) Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _? A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we5. should 1) 应该，应当You should listen to the doctors advice.2) should 用于表达合理推断”应该。”It is three oclock; the football game should begin now. Mary took danci

14、ng lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.3)should可表示“居然，竟然”I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.6. will, would1) 将，会The conference will be held in December. He said he would get here soon.2). 愿意，想Who will hel

15、p me put the papers away? The little girl wont eat anything. Will you have some more tea?3). Accidents will happen.（总是）4).Will you two stop fighting!(气愤的命令)5).She will keep talking unless you tell her to shut up.(令人厌烦的习惯)(1) Dont smoke in the meeting room, _ you? A. do you B. will you C. can you D.

16、could you-Will you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I cant.)(2) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will.(3) - Its my birthday tomorrow. Dont forget to come to my party.- _ . A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent7. dare 1) He dare not tell the truth.2) He doesnt dare to

17、come out at night.3) I dont know whether he _ try. A. dare B. dares C. wants D. is allowed8. need 1). 作为情态动词: 必须 2). 作为实义动词: 需要.主语是人 need ( to do something ; to be done by somebody) -Do they need to take any books with them? -No, they dont need to.-Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we neednt.-Shal

18、l I tell John about it? - No, you _. Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldntIts a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not3)neednt have done “本不必做”You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.We didnt need to clea

19、n the windows. My brother did it.五、情态动词的解题例析(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。(3) 要注意把握时间概念。情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。下面我们来看看常考的一些情态动词以下试题均来源于往年的高考试题，具有很强的针对性(1) must表示推测，意为“一定”，只能用

20、于肯定句中。 must have done意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。 例如： She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或cant / couldnt稍弱。例如：Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is

21、it beautiful?It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt(3) can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会

22、发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。例如： You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. needntShe _ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. needntIt is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rath

23、er cold sometime.A. must B. can C. should D. wouldPeter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A. shall B. should C. can D. must(4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比may较婉转。 Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling.A. will B. ca

24、n C. must D. may Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. must B. may C. shall D. shouldI cant find my purse anywhere.You _ have lost it while shopping.A. may B. can C. should D. would（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，用情态动词+have done这一结构，常用的有以下几个情态动词：(1) should (not) / ought (not

25、) to have done本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：Im sorry. I _at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted(2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如：Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we

26、_ it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed(3) neednt have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意neednt do则表达“没有必要去做某事”，时间上应该是现在或将来。例如：Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. sh

27、ouldnt have done The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如：He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he _ a goal.A. had

28、 scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored(5) might have done表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。例如：What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better.A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done（三）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词1. must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：(1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用

29、于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须，得，要”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to， 否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要，而have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don have to。 例如： -What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?-Well, it _ be big-thats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. ca

30、nt D. wont (2) must的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。例如：When I was young, I was told that I _ play with matchesA. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent(3) must用于条件句或疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。May I smoke here?If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. mustJohn, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?AMust BCan CMay DNeed2. should(1) should应该，表示“责任和义务”。例如：According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. may