高考专题六种题型七大话题真题分类阅读理解专练.docx

1、高考专题六种题型七大话题真题分类阅读理解专练高考专题：六种题型七大话题真题分类阅读理解专练（word版附答案详解|2017高考真题） 阅读理解的解题技巧阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，高考阅读理解要多下功夫。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。在阅读理解方面考纲对考生有六大要求，即理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义、作出简单判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图观点态度。这六个能力要求对应我们常见

2、的六种题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、文章结构题和作者观点态度题。KissTheRainTheBestOfPiano-TheBestOfPiano一、阅读理解主要题型注意点：细节理解题注意点：高考英语阅读理解部分考查的重点之一是考生对于文章细节信息的捕捉、理解和分析能力。细节理解题的比重一般在50%以上，换句话说，高考英语阅读理解的15个小题中，至少有7个细节理解题。细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力，内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。细节理解题难度较低，答案明确具体，考生一般可以从阅读材料中直接找到。做这一类题一定要细心，要做到坚决不失

3、分。特别注意：细节理解题一定要忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。主旨大意题注意点：1.要找到文章的关键词。2.范围不能太大，也不能太小。3.主旨在文章开头（如调查或研究结果、新闻报道、议论文）、主旨在文章结尾、主旨在文章第二段或第三段或主旨是需要通读以后对各个部分概括所得。当然概括主旨较难，需要考生能够概括出每段的段落大意。特别注意：文章的主旨大全面理解文章后归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。词义猜测题注意点：1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的意义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。猜测词义的词一般为实词及

4、其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。2. 代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用逻辑关系梳理法递向寻踪法理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。推理判断题注意点：1. 推断题题干中的标志词有infer，imply，possible，probable等， 它在某种程度上与细节题类似。它考查的内容属于原文细节，但是它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解。考生不仅需要读懂原文，而且还要理解作者的弦外之音。2.了解类型：推断文章的出处、作者的态度（positive,negative,neutral,approving,opposed，objective

5、,subjective,indifferent,cautious,worried,doubtful,suspicious等）、节选的文章上文或下文所讲内容。3.根据作者所使用的词语的褒贬性进行判断；区分开作者的态度及作者引用的别人的态度；读文章前先读题，读一段写出本段的Main idea。二、答题应试技巧：1.关注文章脉络结构。2.关注每一部分的主题句，也就是说读完每部分就要弄清它的Main idea。3.采取略读（Skimming），关注主题句，其余支持信息（Supporting information）扫视即可。4.如题目是细节理解题则通过扫读（Scanning）有针对性地对读过的某部分仔

6、细辨别具体信息。5.通过上下文保证猜测词义题不失分。6.文章主旨大意题，不能以偏概全也不能范围太大。7.关注题目题干与选项的匹配。如题目为推理判断题，而如果选了事实题，那就不对了。8.对一些推测作者接下来要写的内容或第一段前面所写的内容可通过文章承上启下的特点关注文章最后一段或第一段的内容。特别注意：阅读理解题的干扰项的设置具有一定的迷惑性。它不仅能检测出考生理解、概括、推断等逻辑思维的精确性、深刻性，而且对考生心理素质也是一种检验，干扰项的干扰性一般体现在以下五个方面：1.脱离原文；2.以偏概全；3.扩缩范围；4.偷换概念；5.正误并存。三、考试宝典：1.做阅读理解时，要注意充满自信，沉着冷

7、静。2.所选有据，避免主观。3.符合原文的答案=正确答案最佳答案。阅读题要求选的最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主干，舍枝节。4.遇到生词是正常的，千万不要惊慌，不会影响对文章的理解。四、小试牛刀：七大话题分类整理一、科普知识类(2017全国甲卷C)话题:飞车词数:314W难度:Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selli

8、ng the flying car within the next year. The vehiclenamed the Transitionhas two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1, 400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies

9、 using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a10, 000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the p

10、ublic later this week at the New York Auto Show. But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost279, 000. And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline

11、industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federa

12、l safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 2

13、0 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.【文章大意】本文介绍了一款新发明的飞车,并说明了它的现状与未来的发展前景。28. What is the first paragraph mainly about？A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying c

14、ars.D. The designers of the Transition.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。第一段告诉我们Terrafugia声称它研制的飞车试飞成功,飞车的名字为the Transition。所以第一段主要介绍了the Transition的情况。故选A。29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways？A. It causes traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It burns too m

15、uch fuel.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost279, 000. And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.可知,这款飞车的造价很高,它需要一个跑道,如果它遇到交通堵塞也飞不起来。由此可知C项更符合。30. What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car？A.

16、 Cautious. B. Favorable.C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据第三段的The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.可知,政府对研制飞车持支持的态度。A.谨慎的;B.支持的;C.模棱两可的;D.反对的。故选B。31. What is the best title for the text？A. Flying Car at Auto Sho

17、wB. The Transitions First FlightC. Pilots Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to Reality【解析】选D。主旨大意题。飞车试飞成功,已经有大约100人预订了飞车,飞车即将成为现实。故选D。【难句剖析】Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find re

18、latively easy to meet.分析:主语是Terrafugia,谓语是says, an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition是宾语从句。a requirement是对前面宾语从句的补充说明,其后面是定语从句。翻译:Terrafugia声称飞车的主人将需要通过一个测试,并且要完成20小时的飞行才能驾驶the Transition,这个要求是飞行员发现相对容易达到的。二、广告宣传类(2017全国甲卷A)话题:莎士比亚戏剧

19、的演出词数:295W难度:In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeares plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.National Theatre ofChinaBeijing | ChineseThis great occasion(盛

20、会)will be the National Theatre of Chinas first visit to the UK. The companys productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of ShakespearesRichard will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.Date & Time:Saturday 28 April, 2:30pm & Sunday 29 Apr

21、il, 1:30pm & 6:30pmMarjanishvili TheatreTbilisi | GeorgianOne of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like Itis helmed(指导)by the companys Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date

22、 & Time:Friday 18 May, 2:30pm & Saturday 19 May, 7:30pmDeafinitely TheatreLondon | British Sign Language(BSL)By translating the rich and humourous text ofLoves Labours Lostinto the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a b

23、ridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date & Time:Tuesday 22 May, 2:30pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7:30pmHabima National TheatreTel Aviv | HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the comp

24、any eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of ShakespearesThe Merchant of Venicemarks their first visit to the UK.Date & Time:Monday 28 May, 7:30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7:30pm【文章大意】莎士比亚的戏剧被翻译成几个国家的语言,并将在

25、几个国家的大剧院演出。21. Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?A.Richard .B.Loves Labours Lost.C.As You Like It.D. The Merchant of Venice.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据National Theatre of China中提到的内容可知选A。22. What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?A. It has two groups of actors.B. It is the leading

26、 theatre in London.C. It performs plays in BSL.D. It is good at producing comedies.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据Deafinitely Theatre中的内容可知,用BSL(英式肢体语言)来诠释莎士比亚的戏剧是一个创新。故选C。23. When can you see a play in Hebrew?A. On Saturday 28 April.B. On Sunday 29 April.C. On Tuesday 22 May.D. On Tuesday 29 May.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Hab

27、ima National TheatreTel Aviv | Hebrew中的Monday 28 May, 7:30 & Tuesday 29 May, 7:30pm可知选D。【难句剖析】Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.分析:Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution在此处是过去分词短语作状语。翻译:在1905年大革命后这家公司在莫斯科创立,最后在20世纪20年代后期在特拉

28、维夫站稳脚跟。(2017全国乙卷A)话题:太平洋科学馆攻略词数:238W难度:Pacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Centers StoreDont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3 rig

29、ht next to the Laser Dome.Hungry?Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body?Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caf is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.Ren

30、tal InformationLockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.Support Pacific Science Cent

31、erSince 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情)for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1. 3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science