语法1.docx

1、语法1资料分类 天一教育为您独家奉献-专升本英语必备词汇1以下单词出现“同”表示“同义词”、“搭”表示“搭配”、“辨”表示“辨析”、“例”表示“例句”。Abandonv.放弃；抛弃，离弃 同cease， depart， quit， withdraw【搭】abandon oneself to 沉溺于；听任摆布【辨】abandon和give up。abandon指因为外界的原因(如影响或压力等)而完全放弃：Mary had to abandon her trip because of her mothers illness. 由于母亲生病,玛丽不得不放弃旅行。give up指放弃或中止某种习惯、计

2、划、努力等，其后可接宾语也可不接宾语：You ought to give up smoking. I gave it up last year.你应该戒烟。我去年就戒掉了。例The driver abandoned his car in the snow. 司机把汽车抛弃在雪地里。 The next best solution is to abandon the project altogether.仅次于最佳的解决方法是放弃全部计划。Abidev.坚持；遵守；容忍同bear， endure， tolerate【搭】abide by遵守，履行例He could not abide any ru

3、de behaviour. 他不能容忍任何无礼的行为。 He cannot abide to stay in one position for long. 他无法忍受长久待在同一职位上。abolishv.废除，取消同abandon， cancel， destroy例There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished.有许多不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States. 亚伯拉罕林肯在美国废除了奴隶制。absencen.没有, 缺乏

4、;缺席同lack， scarcity， shortage【搭】in the absence of没有, 缺乏例What was the real reason for your absence?你缺席的真正原因是什么？We must invent an excuse for our absence.我们必须为缺席编造一个借口。absolute a.绝对的；完全的；专制的；确实的，确定的同complete， entire， perfect， total例I have absolute trust in the skill of doctors.我绝对相信医生的医术。The police has

5、found absolute proof of his guilt. 警方已经发现他犯罪的确凿证据。absorbv.吸收；吸引的注意, 使全神贯注同involve， occupy【搭】be absorbed in专心于例Plants absorb minerals and other nutrients from the soil.植物从泥土中吸收矿物质和其他养料。The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都吸收了。abstract a.抽象的；深奥的n.摘要

6、；抽象v.摘要；提取，抽取 同 a. theoreticaln.extract， outline， summary例We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is abstract.我们尽可谈论美的事物，然而美本身却是抽象的。Mary abstracted a story for the book review. 玛丽为这篇书评写故事梗概。absurd a.愚蠢的；荒唐的 同childish， comic， ridiculous例What an absurd proposal 多荒谬的提议啊！It was absurd of you

7、to suggest such a thing. 你居然建议这样的事，太可笑了。abusev.滥用；谩骂n.滥用；谩骂，毁谤 同v. misuse, curse, insultn.misuse, insult, mistreatment例Its easy to abuse ones power. 人容易滥用权力。The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。accelerate v.加速；促进 同advance， quicken， rush例Th

8、e leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate. 领先者在其余赛跑者加速时就逐渐失去了优势。The government have made some policies that will accelerate the development of manufacturing industry. 政府已经制定了一些加快制造业发展的政策。access n.接近，进入；入口，通路；进入的方法 同approach， course， entry， passport例As her private secretary he h

9、as access to all her correspondence.作为她的私人秘书,他能接触到她所有的信件。Every senior citizen has free access to the city park. 每位老年人都可免费进入市立公园。accommodatev.留宿，收容；供应，供给；容纳 同hold， provide， supply例The bank is accommodating its customers more than it used to.这家银行现在给客户贷款比以前多了。The cottage could accommodate up to four pe

10、ople.这间小屋最多能容纳4个人。accommodationn.居住设施 同housing， rooms， settlement例This hotel has accommodation for 500 guests.这家旅馆能接待500位客人。We offer help in ordering accommodations.我们提供代客人预订旅馆住宿的服务。accomplishv.完成，实现 【辨】accomplish，complete，finish和fulfil。这几个词都有“完成”的意思。accomplish有“成功地完成某事”的意思，后常接的宾语有aim，task等: I have

11、accomplished a great deal in the last few months. 在过去的几个月里，我完成了相当多的工作。complete所完成的事较accomplish的具体，有“补足缺少的部分使之完整或圆满”的含义，尤指建筑工程的竣工、文艺作品的完成等: When will the railway be completed? 铁路何时建成? finish强调“结束”，通常指日常事务的完成：Do you finish your homework? 你做完功课了吗？fulfil多指完成制定的目标、任务、理想等，有“实现”的含义：In spite of all the diff

12、iculties, we fulfilled our task ahead of schedule. 尽管有许多困难，我们还是提前完成了任务。例We should not try to accomplish two tasks at once.我们不能指望同时完成两件工作。 The delegation tried to arrange a peace， but accomplished nothing. 代表团试图调停以实现和平，但是却未能成功。accumulatev.积累，积蓄；堆积同collect， increase， save， store【辨】accumulate， gather和c

13、ollect。accumulate表示“积累，聚集”，指经过一段时间连续不断收集而使之愈来愈多，但并非有强烈的意图：Ive accumulated quite a lot of rare books over the years. 我多年来积累了相当多的珍贵书籍。gather与collect均表示“收集”，有时可互换，如：gathercollect leaves收集叶子。但collect常指有目的、有计划或按一定的要求进行收集，而gather没有这层含义，如：collect books表示按内容或顺序收集书籍，而gather books则只表示把散着的书收好。例As the evidence

14、began to accumulate, the experts felt obliged to investigate.当证据日趋增多时，专家们感到必须进行调查。Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.房屋不经常打扫，尘土很快就越积越多。accusev.控告，谴责同blame， charge【搭】accuse sb. of doing sth.指控某人做了某事【辨】accuse和charge。accuse 所表达的“指控，控告”比较直接和尖锐，但指控对方的事不一定很严重，有时可与charge通用，但a

15、ccuse通常的搭配为accuse sb. of sth.：She accused him of theft.她控告他行窃。charge 表示“指控，控告”，一般用于较严重的错误或罪行，常用结构为 charge sb. with sth： He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。例He accused the man of having committed a crime.他指控那个人有罪。Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes. 人类常把自身的不幸归罪于天。acquaintv.使认识，使了解同int

16、roduce, present【搭】acquaint oneself with熟悉,通晓acquaint sb. with.把告诉某人例Please acquaint him with my arrival. 请通知他我到了。I am acquainted with her.我认识她。adaptv.适合；改编，改写同adjust， fit， modify【搭】adapt to适应例He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions. 他努力使自己适应新的情况。 The author is going to adapt his play fo

17、r television.作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。 Adapt or perish is Natures inexorable imperative。 适者生存，不适者灭亡，这是自然界永不变更的规律。adequate a.足够的，充分的；符合要求的同decent, enough, tolerable例Our bodies need adequate nutrition. 我们的身体需要充足的营养。 And last but not least there is the question of adequate funding. 最后同样重要的是要有足够的资金的问题。adherev.黏附；

18、遵守;坚持 同hold， stick， fast例There were several pages that adhered to each other. 有几页书粘连在一起了。 They adhered to the contract. 他们遵守了合同。accumulatev.积累，积蓄；堆积同collect， increase， save， store【辨】accumulate， gather和collect。accumulate表示“积累，聚集”，指经过一段时间连续不断收集而使之愈来愈多，但并非有强烈的意图：Ive accumulated quite a lot of rare book

19、s over the years. 我多年来积累了相当多的珍贵书籍。gather与collect均表示“收集”，有时可互换，如：gathercollect leaves收集叶子。但collect常指有目的、有计划或按一定的要求进行收集，而gather没有这层含义，如：collect books表示按内容或顺序收集书籍，而gather books则只表示把散着的书收好。例As the evidence began to accumulate, the experts felt obliged to investigate. 当证据日趋增多时，专家们感到必须进行调查。Dust and dirt s

20、oon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫，尘土很快就越积越多。accusev.控告，谴责同blame， charge【搭】accuse sb. of doing sth.指控某人做了某事【辨】accuse和charge。accuse 所表达的“指控，控告”比较直接和尖锐，但指控对方的事不一定很严重，有时可与charge通用，但accuse通常的搭配为accuse sb. of sth.：She accused him of theft.她控告他行窃。charge 表示“指控，控告”，一般用于较严重的错误或罪行，常用结

21、构为 charge sb. with sth： He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。例He accused the man of having committed a crime.他指控那个人有罪。Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes. 人类常把自身的不幸归罪于天。acquaint v.使认识，使了解同introduce, present【搭】acquaint oneself with熟悉,通晓acquaint sb. with.把告诉某人例Please acquaint him with my

22、 arrival. 请通知他我到了。I am acquainted with her.我认识她。adapt v.适合；改编，改写同adjust， fit， modify【搭】adapt to适应例He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions. 他努力使自己适应新的情况。The author is going to adapt his play for television.作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。Adapt or perish is Natures inexorable imperative.适者生存，不适者灭亡，这是自然界永不

23、变更的规律。 adequate a.足够的，充分的；符合要求的同decent, enough, tolerable例Our bodies need adequate nutrition.我们的身体需要充足的营养。And last but not least there is the question of adequate funding. 最后同样重要的是要有足够的资金的问题。adhere v.黏附；遵守;坚持同hold， stick， fast例There were several pages that adhered to each other. 有几页书粘连在一起了。They adhe

24、red to the contract. 他们遵守了合同。adjustv.调节，校正； (使) 适应同adapt， alter， modify， vary【搭】adjust oneself to.使自己适应于例 This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. 这种书桌的高低可以按照你的需要调节。administrationn.管理，经营；行政部门；政府例She has been looking after the day to day administration. 她一直在照管日常的行政工作。The company deve

25、loped rapidly under his administration.在他的管理下，公司发展得很快。adoptv.采用，采纳；收养例We should adopt the consumers suggestion.我们应该接受用户的建议。Most countries adopt metric system.大多数国家采用米制。advisern.顾问(=advisor)同consultant例He became her senior adviser, her deputy, if you will. 他成了她的高级顾问你要说是她的副手也未尝不可。Professor Smith serve

26、d as a special adviser to the President. 史密斯教授曾做过总统的特别顾问。affectionn.爱，慈爱同fondness, tenderness, warmness例He gave me a necklace as a symbol of his affection. 他给了我一条项链作为爱情的象征。Every mother has affection for her children.每个母亲都爱她的孩子。agonyn.苦恼；极大痛苦【辨】pain， ache和agony。这三个词都有“苦恼；痛苦”的意思。pain是一般用词，可指短暂的或长期的，局部

27、的或全身的疼痛，程度比ache重，还可指内心的痛苦，如：His bad behaviour caused his parents a great deal of pain. 他的不良行为使他的父母感到非常痛苦。ache常指局部持续不断的隐痛，常和身体某部位的名称组成复合词，如：He has an ache in the back. 他的背痛。 agony指肉体的疼痛，也可指精神上的几乎无法忍受的痛苦，如：His soul was wrung with agony. 他的心灵深受痛苦的折磨。 例I was in agony with tooth ache.我的牙疼极了。She is in an

28、agony of grief, because her husband has just died. 她因丈夫刚去世而极为悲伤。 aidv.辅助，援助，救助n.辅助，援助，救助【辨】aid, assist和help。这三个词都有“帮助”的意思，但aid较为正式，强调使受助者摆脱困难或危险或强者援助弱者，也可指用金钱援助，如：They immediately gave him the first aid. 他们立即对他进行了急救。assist协助，帮助，强调提供帮助的一方居次要地位，起助手的作用，如：The nurses assisted the surgeon in the operation

29、. 护士协助外科医生手术。help为最普通的词，可用来替换aid或assist。例Aid to the Third World at present is little more than a drop in the ocean. 目前对第三世界的援助不过是杯水车薪。A dictionary is an invaluable aid in learning a new language.在学习一种新语言时，词典是非常有用的工具。alert a.警惕的；机灵的n.警报；警戒状态；警戒期间v.使警觉同alarm, warning signal例Although hes over eighty hi

30、s mind is still remarkably alert. 他虽已年过八十，但头脑仍然十分机敏。An alert listener will have noticed the error.耳朵尖的人能听出其中的错误。alterv.改变，变样同change, modify, vary例Ill have to alter the diagram. Ive made a mistake. 我得修改图表，我出了点儿错。Circumstances alter cases. 具体情况具体分析。alternate a. 交替的；预备的v.交替，轮流例Meetings are held on alternate Thur