第四讲词义猜测题doc.docx

1、第四讲词义猜测题doc第四讲词义猜测题考向变化考频词义猜测题在高考阅读理解中所占比例最小，主要考查：单词或短语猜测类；代词指代类；句意猜测类。2019年全国卷3套卷均没有考查代词指代题。考法14单词或短语猜测类141.(2018全国卷C)Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in numberIn recent centuries，trade，industrialisa

2、tion, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking overWhi

3、ch of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?AComplex. BAdvanced.CPowerful. DModern.答案C单词猜测题。根据画线词后的“such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”和画线词前的“many languages to disappear”，可判断出取而代之的是“强大，占主导地位的”语言，故C项正确。142.(2016全国卷C)There are also varieties de

4、veloped to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph

5、3 mean?AA practical idea. BA vain hope.CA brilliant plan. DA selfish desire.答案B短语猜测题。根据选段可知，Orleans Reinette品种虽然口感好，但对种植环境和土壤要求高，因此对于大多数喜欢它的人来说，大饱口福只是一种脱离实际的愿望，这与B项“A vain hope(徒劳的希望)”一致。143.(全国卷C)The CRFs produce is “green”，made within the country and divided into 10 lines，with the Alcohol Series b

6、eing the most popular.The Exotic Serieswith Sichuan pepper，red bean(豆)，cheese and other flavorsalso does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate_snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others，the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo，Cuba，Venezuela，and Ghana，am

7、ong others.The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who _Aare particular about chocolateBknow little about cocoa beansClook down upon othersDlike to try new flavors答案A单词猜测题。根据后面定语从句句意“他们认为自己比别人更了解巧克力”可推断出答案为A项：对巧克力很挑剔。144.(全国卷C)The fine selection of the major works was don

8、e in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida.What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?AArtworks.BProjects.CDonations.DDocuments.答案A单词猜测题。

9、根据并列关系词and可知，画线词contributions与第一个分句中的the major works为同义词，即“艺术作品”。该题考查了contribution的熟词生义，不要片面地认为它是单词的本义“贡献”，而选择donations。145.(2017全国卷C)Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development.By

10、 the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.What does the underlined word “displaced” in Paragraph 2 mean?ATested. BSeparated.CForced out. DTracked down.答案C单词猜测题。根据选段第一句和第二句可知，答

11、案选C项。灰狼曾经在黄石地区随处可见，可后来由于人类的发展，该种群被渐渐驱离这里。displace“迫使离开家园”。146.(2018全国卷B)If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a “softserve”creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fr

12、uit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?AA dessert. BA drink.CA container. DA machine.答案D单词猜测题。根据画线词后的feed in，Out comes及“love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine”结合生活常识可知，juicer

13、是一种榨汁机，故D项正确。dessert“甜品”；drink“饮料”；container“容器”。技法14巧用线索猜词义 “语法关系”猜词义 “逻辑关系”猜词义利用5种逻辑关系词前后的词语确定画线单词或短语的含义。 构词法猜词义 “上下文语境”猜词义根据上下文语境暗示，利用逻辑推理，猜测生词含义。 “背景常识”猜词义利用日常生活和文化背景有关的常识可以准确猜测生词的含义。考法15代词指代类151.(2017全国卷B)We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put someth

14、ing backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up a

15、t events.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?ATheir belief.BTheir care for children.CTheir success.DTheir support for each other.答案A代词指代题。根据选段中的“We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同

16、位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了“我们”并不经常见面，但是这个信念把“我们”带到了一起，故A项正确。152.(2016全国卷B)“My friend said, Now we believe your stories，” Welty added.“And I said, Now you know.These are the people that make me write them”The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys_Areaders BpartiesCfriends Dstorie

17、s答案D代词指代题。画线词所在句“These are the people that make me write them.”的主语These指的就是“像那两位陌生人那样的人”，换言之，这些新朋友就成了Welty笔下的写作素材，这些人就是让她写小说的人，故them指的是“小说”。技法15“就近原则”猜代词考法16句意猜测类(2017全国卷D)Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .Its a plants way of crying out.But is anyone l

18、istening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive，the_tables_are_turnedThe attacker w

19、ho was lunching now becomes lunch.What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?AThe attackers get attacked.BThe insects gather under the table.CThe plants get ready to fight back.DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.答案A句意理解题。根据选段可知，某些植物受到攻击时，会释放出某种香味，将攻击者的天敌吸引过来，由此可知当它们到来时，攻击

20、者将会成为被攻击者，故A项正确。技法16“意义吻合”定句意 特别关注 提高定位速度的2大技巧细节理解题和推理判断题占了阅读理解的三分之二以上。而解答细节理解题和推理判断题关键是第一步：定位！因为阅读理解中重要的原则之一就是忠于原文。忠于原文指的是每题题干都需要回原文定位，找到相应的对应信息才能解题。信息定位有以下两个常用技巧：一利用题文一致原则定位从近几年的全国卷高考试题来看，题目答案信息处的顺序和文章行文顺序基本一致，利用题文一致原则，有助于迅速定位原文。【命题规律】以2019年全国卷 4篇阅读理解为例篇章第1题第2题第3题第4题A第5段第8段第10段B第1段第2段第5段全文C第1和2段第2

21、段第4段全文D第1段第2段第4段全文二利用定位词定位1.定位词的选用(1)特殊定位词在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。(2)普通定位词普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词，其次是动词。示例(2018全国卷阅读B)In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each

22、week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，

23、13，and Jack，11.25How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?AHe buys cooking materials for her.BHe prepares food for her kids.CHe assists her in cooking matters.DHe invites guest families for her.分析：选C。由于比较醒目人名Matt Tebbutt和 Susanna在文中出现多次，所以不能作为定位词。本题可以利用题干中的动词help来定位，从而找到原文信息“with the help of chef Matt Teb

24、butt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste”。2挑选定位词的注意点(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就失去了定位的意义。(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地

25、方解决问题。示例(2018全国卷阅读A)Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.Duration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the worldfamous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they bloss

26、om.Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!21Which tour do you need to book in advance?ACherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.BWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.CCapital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.DWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.分析：选A。

27、本题可以用同义词定位：book in advance reserve“预约”。根据第一条自行车旅行路线中的“Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear！”可知，选择这条自行车旅行路线需要提前预订。细节理解题专练A(2019邢台质量检测考试)A simple mosquito bite can mean serious illness or death.So we spray large areas with chemicals to wipe out mosquitoes.But this has

28、a bad influence on the whole ecosystem and your health.Now theres a new device(装置)，which claims to keep you and your loved ones mosquitofree：What are we talking about?Mosquitron，a brand new type of bug (虫子) catcher, designed by two German engineers, is perfect for clearing your home of all annoying

29、and dangerous flying pests!How does it work?It is easy to set up；plug it inand away you go!It lures (引诱) the flying pests near using a safe, completely harmless UV light.A reverse fan sucks the insects through a 1way trapdoor.Once trapped in the drying basket, they are dried to death by the fan with

30、in 2 minutes.You can simply empty the dead bugs into the trash, without even touching them.No need for batteries or any chemicals.How much does it cost?Its now $179.99.It may seem expensive at first, but when you consider most devices need regular, expensive refills and dont work for more than 10 mi

31、nutes, this is a pretty good deal.In fact, competitor products using the same UV technology are priced at over $250！Now you can buy it from the suppliers website with 50% off and with free shipping for a limited time by clicking here.Note：The device can only be returned or exchanged if it arrives damaged, and you must pay in advance.【语篇解读】本文属于应用文，主要介绍了一种新型捕蚊器的工作原理如何购买、售价等内容。1What is th