英语专业四级语法重点汇总.docx

1、英语专业四级语法重点汇总英语专业四级语法重点汇总English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总一、非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下：mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事） propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事） remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do

2、继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下：如：“cannot help but do”“不得不做某事”如：“cannot but do” “不禁做某事”如：“cannot choose but do” “不由自主地做某事”如：“can do nothing but do” “不能不做某事”如：“have no choice but to do” “只能做某事”co

3、operation will prove unworkable. 这种合作模式大有可能行不通。2. 某些词虽然不用比较级形式却自身带有比较概念这些典型词汇总结如下：“inferior”、“minor”、“senior”、“prior”、“prefer to”、“superior”、“major”、“junior”、“preferable”、“differ from”、“compared with”、“in comparison with”、“different from”、“rather than”等例句：After visiting at weekends, I think their vi

4、lla is superior to all the other villas in the countryside.3. 有关比较级的特殊句型(1) not so muchas 与其说还不如说 例句：The major reason for his suicide isnt so much his negative emotions as his incapacity to take care of himself.(2) no/not any morethan 两者一样都不例句：It is well acknowledged by the public that the heart is

5、no any more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain altogether. (3) no /not any lessthan 两者一样都例句：I was good at almost all subjects when I was in the junior high school, and particularly speaking, mathematics was no any less good than physics at that time.(4) just asso

6、 正如，也（会使用到倒装结构）例如：Just as chocolate is a part of my favorite food, so is the ice cream.二、虚拟语气简明概述：虚拟语气是指说话人讲话的内容与现实或事实相反，是一种主观假想的情况。时态：可表示过去、现在和将来，特征是时态相应退后。1. 与现在事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般现在时 改为 一般过去时 注：be动词一律改为wereshould/would/could/might + 动词原形例句：If there were an English dictionary, we could consult it f

7、or this difficult word.If my bigger brother were here, he would do us a favor to move the heavy box.2. 与过去事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般过去时 改为 过去完成时 should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词例句：If he had studied more diligently, he would have passed the exam undoubtedly. If my favorite teacher had been here yesterd

8、ay, I would have paid more attention to the lesson.If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake. 3. 与将来事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般过去时注：be动词一律改为were should/would/could/might + 动词原形 were + to do sth should + 动词原形例句：If you made great progress in the near future, you should n

9、ot forget your teachers.If you were to make great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.混合条件句：主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致，这个时候就需要根据各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改。例句：If you had finished your homework by yo

10、urself yesterday（过去）, you would not copy others answers in a hurry（现在）.If you had asked your mother how to cook last week（过去）, you would know clearly each cooking step of the dish（现在）.虚拟语气的倒装如果从句中有were，should，had，则需要倒装。倒装方法：将if省略，再把were，should，had挪到从句的句首。 注：如果从句中没有were，should，had，则不能省略if，也不可倒装。例句：原句

11、：If my bigger brother were here, he would help us to move the heavy box.倒装：Were my bigger brother here, he would help us to move the heavy box.原句：If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.倒装：Had the child been more careful, he would not have made such a foolis

12、h mistake.原句：If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.倒装：Should you make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.虚拟语气词：should很简单，三种形式（1）It is suggested/requested/ordered, etc.（具有命令，建议，要求等口吻的动词过去分词） + that sb shou

13、ld （should可省略） do （动词原形） sth. 注：这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替。例如：原句：It is suggested that students (should) use dictionary in exam.宾语从句： I suggest that students (should) use dictionary in exam. 表语从句： My suggestion is that students (should) use dictionary in exam. 同位语从句： I provided a suggestion that students (s

14、hould) use dictionary in exam.（2）It is necessary/important/indispensable, etc. （带有主观色彩的形容词）+ that sb (should) do sth. （3）It is a pity/a shame, etc. （名词性词组）+ that sb (should) do sth.虚拟语气特殊句型：It is high （high可省略） time that 该是的时候了“that ”从句动词可以用（1）过去时（2）should（不能省略）+ 动词原形例句：It is (high) time that we sho

15、uld draw up a contract. It is (high) time that we drew up a contract.（草拟合同）含蓄虚拟语气除了常规的连词if以外，还可以借助其他介词、介词词组、句子来引导虚拟语气从句。1. Without “要是没有”例句：Without the rescue of firefighters timely, our lives would not have been saved.2. But for “要不是”例句：But for your professional help, I could not have achieved such a big progress in medical community.3. Under “在某种情况下”例句：Under such circumstances, the criminal would not have perpetrated acts of violence upon children.4. With “有的前提下”例句：With the data collected one month earlier,