关于冷战的起因经过结果和影响论文.docx

1、关于冷战的起因经过结果和影响论文 Cold War(US) 130247082 Yuki 130041021 Sunny 130041022 Apple 130288027 Charlene 130075034 HaileyContents1.The causes of the Cold War 12.The process of the Cold War 22.1 The establishment of containment strategy (1947-1953) 22.2 The globalized Cold War and the national strategy of Col

2、d War (1953-1962) 22.3 American action in response to out-of-balance. (1962-1969) 2 nightlife nightlife2.4 The Transformation of the Cold War and the Overall Adjustment of American Strategy (1970-1973) 33.The end of the Cold War 33.1. Economic reasons33.2. Political reasons43.3. Military reasons44.T

3、he effects of the Cold war 54.1.Technological legacies54.2. Economic legacies64.3. Cultural Legacies65. Bibliography81.The causes of the Cold War Its believed that the origin of the cold war was directly related to the relationship between the Soviet Union and the Allies (United States, United Kingd

4、om and France) in the years of 1945-1947. In the end, the Soviet Union and the United States Army in Adolf Hitlers Nazi empire in Europe and the United States got a complete victory. In 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies, and they were both the winners in the Second World War.

5、However, wartime allies finally became mortal enemies, locked in a global struggle of politics, economy, military affairs, and there was thought to be another new Cold War just a few years later. During and after the Second World War, a series of events exacerbated the tensions, including subsequent

6、ly results in the first two years of the war of theSoviet-German pact. The amphibious invasion of German occupied Europe perceived latency and supported of the Atlantic Charter of the Western allies. The western allies support for theAtlantic Charter, disagreement in wartime conferences over the fat

7、e ofEastern Europe, the Soviets creation of anEastern Blocof Sovietsatellite states, western allies scrapping theMorgenthau Planto support the rebuilding of German industry, and theMarshall Plan.Finally, the Yalta agreements were not so really compromise as misunderstanding (in the short term) among

8、 the three leaders. When Stalin left, he was very happy, and he won the British and American control of Eastern Europe, Churchill and Roosevelt. However, the two parts of the agreements are mutually exclusive, what if the Eastern European people trying to decide their own orbit from the Soviet Union

9、s own words will happen? In the future, the Yalta agreements are not only possible; they are almost inevitable.Reference:1 开仁.冷战实力与谋略的较量.Beijing,中共党史,19972.The process of the Cold WarActions America took in Cold War consists of four parts:2.1.Part 1: The establishment of containment strategy (1947-1

10、953)First, the introduction and implementation of the Marshall Plan represented the intention of to send large-scale economic aid to Western Europe as a way to avoid the expansion of communism in Europe. Second, the intervention of the Italian election in 1948. America offered economic aid, politica

11、l campaign, intelligence activities and covert operations to help Democratic Party win the election, which fostered the Cold War pattern in Europe. Third, American cold war policy in Asia. It drove a wedge between the Soviet Union and China to prevent the Soviet Union from controlling Asia. It signe

12、d San Francisco Treaty of Peace with Japan to expand its influence in Far East.2.2.Part 2: The globalized Cold War and the national strategy of Cold War (1953-1962)First, American cover operation was used to handle the communism in Guatemala, Which is called Operations PBSUCCESS, to weaken the power

13、 of the Soviet Union and communism. Second, American policy to Eastern Europe was to strengthen contact with Eastern European countries to disintegrate relations between them and the Soviet Union. Third, the doctrine of massive retaliation became an important component in Eisenhowers “national Cold

14、War Strategy” to develop its military position against the Soviet Union.2.3.Part 3: American action in response to out-of-balance. (1962-1969) nightlife nightlifeFirst, America and the Soviet Union handled Cuban Missile Crisis, altering the Third World War and gaining a good reputation, which reliev

15、ed their relations to some extent. Second, as China became a country owning nuclear power, America gradually admitted the legality of the Peoples Republic of China. It laid foundation for the improvement of their relations. 2.4. Part 4: The Transformation of the Cold War and the Overall Adjustment o

16、f American Strategy (1970-1973)First, the Nixon doctrine was applied and American foreign policy was adjusted to deal with the conflicts and differences with Europe, China, Japan and the Soviet Union. (The policy is that America established a new international order with Europe, China, Japan and the

17、 Soviet Union) Second, America made use of the Nixon administrations triangular strategy to improve the relation with China and stand in an advantageous position in the demulcent relationship with the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, relationship between China and the Soviet Union would not be close.Referen

18、ce:2 Ncs162/2, Basic National Security. Digital National Security Archive, 1953,3 志华.冷战时期美国重大外交政策案例研究.经济科学，20143.The end of the Cold WarThe Cold War collapsed, as widely known, thanks to the dismantling of the USSR. Here are some reasons for the desire for an end, and factors that accelerated the di

19、sintegration of USSR. Both Americas president Ronald Reagan and USSRs premier Mikhail Gorbachev played big roles in it.3.1. Economic reasonsEconomically, the Soviet Union failed to meet the domestic needs because of the irrational involvement in Mr. Carters arms race of B1 bomber and MX missile and

20、Mr. Reagans star wars, the escalating spending on the frustrating Afghanistan war and the economic stagnation inside the union. Gorbachevs reforms, with piles of western goods, ideas, and services flooding in, and the flagging, inefficient absolute centralized economy itself, provoked the demand for

21、 an immediate move to capitalism. 3.2. Political reasonsPolitically, Gorbachev, the revolutionary leader, promoted the liberalization of the political landscape, which unluckily, to the furthered frustration of the frustrated USSR leadership, waked the crazy little sleeping beauty of freedom deep in

22、 the civilians under manacles up. Then followed the movements in Eastern Europe, and the irresistible claiming for independence of the USSRs used-to-be loyal brothers, while USSR inclined not to interfere. The union broke up.“For foreign policy, Gorbachev tossed the international class struggle idea

23、, and discarded the use or threat of force in dealing with conflicts.” (Who ended the Cold War?)3.3. Military reasonsAs for military forces, the Soviet announced a reduction by 500,000 troops and a withdrawal of 50,000 soldiers from east Europe. Additionally, the decades-long enmity between the supe

24、rpowers asked a peaceful end, for common interests. Negotiations not military confrontations constituted the core of Reagans strategy in dealing with the Soviet, while Gorbachev initiated a series of summit meeting with Reagan and Bush senior, including the massive reduction in nuclear weapons.Refer

25、ence:4 Paul C. Demakis. (2009, 11). Who ended the Cold War? Retrieved from: .boston./bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2009/11/05/who_ended_the_cold_war/105 Michael Cox. (n.d.) Ronald Reagan and the End of the Cold War: The Debate Continues. 6Information on:https:/.gilderlehrman.org/histor

26、y-by-era/age-reagan/essays/ronald-reagan-and-end-cold-war-debate-continues4.The effects of the Cold warThe legacies of the Cold War continues to influence world in various affairs 4.1.Technological legaciesNuclear legacies from the Cold War benefits a lot in the carefully managed application of radi

27、ation and other nuclear processes, such as the application of new technologies in nuclear weapon, radiation in medical treatment. Improvement in environmental remediation, industrial production, science and technology were also remarkable.But there were dark clouds. Potential insecurity threatened n

28、ations and international relationships. Nuclear weapons played an important role in protecting and stabilizing those powers who own that. However, it brought many disadvantages at the same time. The bombings to Hiroshima and Nagasaki caused large-scale destruction through intense blast and fire, as well as severe and lasting radiation. Moreover, people e involved in the research of nuclear weapons, such