高二高三定语从句全面.docx

1、高二高三定语从句全面定语从句I、重点难点解析 定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到，在基础写作和任务型写作中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。常见考点：1.指物时只用that 或which 的情况2.介词+关系代词3.Whose 用法及转换形式4.as 与which的区别5.指人时that 与who的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语的作用.被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。如：The

2、man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句二、关系代词和关系副词的用法： 关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句、代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法见下表：定语从句的关系词词例先行词充当成分例句关系代词who人主语This is the doctor who saved my life .whom人宾语She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you .that人&物主语、宾语（指人相当于who或whom，指物相当于which）which物主语、宾语1.Plea

3、se pass me the book which is lying on the table. 2.The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting.as物主语、宾语The earth ,as is known to all ,is round.whose=of whomof which人&物定语The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams关系副词when=atinonduring which时间状语Well never forget the day when

4、the Peoples Republic of China was founded.where=atinto which地点状语This is the house where he lived.why=for which原因状语I know the reason why she works so well.三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标 点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人

5、who (that) whom指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which (that)指物which人和物的whose人和物的whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子四、关系词的选用1只能用that做关系代词的情况：只能用that做关系代词的情况例句1当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时(something除外)Pay attention t

6、o everything that I do.2当先行词被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时He has little time that he can spare.3当先行词被序高考资源网数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best novel (that) have read.4如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.5当先行词被the only, the last

7、, the way, the same等等修饰时This is the last time that I I want to see you.6.在疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用thatWhich of the students that knows something about history.7当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing.8当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省

8、略China is not the country (that) it was. 2指物只能用which 不用that的情况:只能用which 不用that的情况:例句1在非限制性定语从句中St Petersburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful city.2在介词后面This is the room in which we lived last year.3指人时只能用who不用 that的情况: 只能用who不用 that的情况例句1先行词为one, ones，those，anyone，he时 Those who

9、 break the law must be punished.4 as与whichas与which均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as: 多用as的情况:例句1与such或the same连用时，一般用asSuch books as you read are interestingSuch money as he earned was spent on books.2as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 表“正如.正象”之意As we all know, the earth is round.五、定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致

10、:1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose me, who am not fit for this job判断关系代词与关系副词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错1. This is th

11、e mountain village where I visited last year. 2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 4. Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1. Is this mus

12、eum _ you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句：This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which

13、都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。II、实战演练用恰当的关系代词或关系

14、副词填空： 1. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.2. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily? 3. Those _ want to go please sign their names here. 4. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?5. The man _ you are going to make friends is

15、my fathers neighbour.6. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police. 7. This is the very letter _came last night. w。w 8. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.9. Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all _ you have told him.10. Do you work near the buildin

16、g _ colour is yellow?11. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.12. I live in the house _ windows face south. 13. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.14. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. 15. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be

17、 published next month. 16. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.17. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War . 18. I have bought two pens, both of _ write well. 19. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?20. He failed in the exam, _ pro

18、ves that he wasnt working hard enough. 21. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.22. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser. 23. He is absent， _ is often the case.24. It is the first time _ I have come to your city. 25. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way. 26.

19、I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. 27. This is the only book _ I can find.28. This is the only one of the students _ handwriting is the best. 29. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me. 30. This is the professor

20、_ taught me chemistry in 1980 . 答案：1. that 2. which 3. who 4. that 5. with whom 6. that 7. that 8. where 9. that 10. whose 11. which 12. whose 13. during which 14. where 15. which 16. which17. whom 18. which 19. why 20. which 21. As 22. as 23. as 24. that 25. that 26. when, which 27. that 28.Whose 2

21、9. as 30.who / that 如何填定语从句的引导词 引导词代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分，所以引导词是由先行词的种类和引导词在定语从中所作的成分决定的。 具体地讲，要注意下几个方面： 一. 首先找准先行词。一般来说，先行词一看即知，但有时侯比较复杂，这时找准先行词便成为解题的关键。 1) Is this factory _ we visited last week? 2) Is this the factory _ we visited last week? A. which B. where C. what D. the one 分析：如果把原句还原成陈述句，第一句为：Th

22、is factory is _ we visited last week. 缺少先行词，只有项才能保持主句结构的完整性，the one代替the factory。第二句为This is the factory _ we visited last week. 先行词为the factory, 引导词在定语从句中作visited的宾语。故选A 3) I read a funny story when I was at school, _ I still remember clearly A. which B. when C. that D. where 分析：本句的先行词为a funny stor

23、y, 先行词和定语从句被时间状语从句when I was at school隔开（这就是所谓的“分隔式定语从句”），答案为A. 如误判先行词为school, 就易误选D。 二. 再确定先行词的种类和引导词在定语从句中所充当的成分。 1. 先行词是人，引导词whothat，如： The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000. The boy (whom/who/that) we saw yesterday was Johns brother. 2. 先行词是物，引导词用whichthat，如： It sou

24、nded like a train whichthat was going under my house. The car (which / that) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. 3. 先行词是时间（如：day, month, year), 引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用when(表示“当时”），不作状语（比如宾语）时用which / that。如： I still remember the days when we studied together. I still remember the days

25、(which/that) we spent together. 4. 先行词是地点（如：place, house), 引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用where(表示“在那里；往那里”），不作状语（比如宾语）时用which / that。如： This is the place where we worked last year. This is the place (which/that) we visited last year. 5. 先行词是人或物，引导词如果在定语从句中作定语（表示“人物的”），用whose.如：We found the boy whose father is a do

26、ctor. The tree whose leaves are yellow is dying soon. 6. 先行词是the reason, 引导词如果在定语从句中作状语时用why（表示“为什么”），不作状语（比如宾语）时用which / that。如： The reason why he didnt come is not known. The reason (which/that) he told us is reasonable. 7. 先行词是the way（方法），引导词如果在定语从句中作状语时用(in which/that)，千万不要用how，不作状语（比如宾语）时用which

27、 / that。如： I want to know the way (in which/that) you learn English. 8. 先行词是整个主句时，用whichas引导非限制性从句。如： He married her, whichas was natural. 注：which和as引导非限制性定语从句时有区别。（位置上）as从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，而which从句不能放在句首。如：As we had seen, oceans cover more than 70% percent of the earth.（词义上) as有“正如，好象”之义，习惯上常与表示感知的动词或形

28、容词连用，多构成固定表达，常见的有As is well known，As we know, As was expected等。而which（这时表示“这”或“这一点”）引导的非限制性定语从句无此惯例。如： As is known to us, the moon goes round the earth. Jack came late for school，which made his teacher angry.一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it._2. The man is in the next r

29、oom. He brought our textbooks here yesterday._3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away._4. The students will not pass the exam. They dont study hard._5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park._6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday._7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last