四级英语.docx

1、四级英语小句子VS大用处1. Dont take it to heart.别往心里去！2. Dont play games with me!别跟我耍花招！3. Thats something.太好了，太棒了。4. I am behind you.我支持你！5. Im broke.我身无分文。6. Its Greek to me.我完全不懂! 7. You can count on it.尽管放心。8. Its a deal.一言为定！9. Can you dig it？你搞明白了吗？10. Dont get loaded.别喝醉了。11. That rings a bell.听起来耳熟。12.

2、 I am all ears.我洗耳恭听。13. Lets bag it.先把它搁一边。14. Give me a break!饶了我吧!15. Dont fall for it!别上当!16. You never know.世事难料。17. Come on, be reasonable.别这样，讲讲理行吗？18. It kills my eyes!太好看了!四级写作时事热点No.1 低碳生活“Low carbon” becomes one of the most popular buzzword which gets the greatest concern. Not only China

3、but all countries focus on the topic of “low carbon”. Low carbon means a minimal output of greenhouse gas emissions into the biosphere, especifically refers to the green house gas- carbon dioxide (CO2 ).Low carbon life means a kind of lifestyle in which people do their best to reduce energy consumpt

4、ion and carbon greenhouse gas emission. The low carbon life was mentioned firstly at Copenhagen. We can regard it as a lifestyle of reducing emission of carbon dioxide and using resources efficiently.tips:Eating *We must reduce or even not to use of the disposable tableware and plastic bags ; *Avoid

5、 ordering to much when eating out ; *More vegetable and less meat.Wearing *Only buy clothes when it is really necessary; *Dont buy clothes made with animal leather; *Wear clothes with natural fibers. Housing: *When building a house, we must use materials that are environmental-friendly; *Buy electro

6、nic products which are energy-saving and remember to turn off them when not needed; *Classify your rubbish for further recycling.Transportation: *Lets walk to school, why not?! *Bicycle, another great choice! *Public transportation,” Im enjoying it!” Working: * Companies should encourage employees t

7、o use e-mail, MSN and other instant messaging tools instead of using fax machines and printers. *Print less! *If you wont use computer in a short time, set it sleep mode for reducing 50% consumptionNo.2“家庭暴力”可以说是当前社会的热门词汇。由报道可知，“家庭暴力”的地道说法是“domestic violence”，也可称作“family violence”。Domestic指的是“家务的、与家

8、庭有关”，如：domestic chores（家务活）；domestic joys（家庭乐趣）。另外，domestic也常用来形容“国内的、驯养的”，如：domestic wine（国产酒）；domestic cat（家猫）。看个例句：One of the greatest challenges facing the domestic violence movement is the widespread perception that spousal abuse is a “private matter”。（人们普遍认为伴侣间施虐是“个人私事”，由此大大阻碍了反家庭暴力运动的开展高分作文妙招

9、1、结构清晰 篇章组织文章是由三个主要部分组成的:开头、扩展部分、结尾。常用的文章发展方法有:列举法、举例法、因果法、比较对照法、分类法、定义法、时间顺序法和空间顺序法。(1)列举法 列举法是指将数种因素一一列出,如原因、症状、优点、缺点、变化、特点等。常用于列举法的过渡连词有: to begin with , secondly , besides , lastly . for one thing , for another , finally . first , second , third , moreover .(2)举例法举例法是通过典型事例对主题进行说明。一般说来,所举的例子要具体,

10、有说服力,有助于说明主题句中的支配思想。常用于举例的词语有:to illustrate, an illustration/an example, for example/for instance, particularly/in particular, such as, like注意列举法和举例法的区别:列举法侧重一一罗列事实,所列事实力求全面。举例法则是通过典型事例解释作者的观点,事例可多可少。() 因果关系法 人们在思维活动中,常常由原因推导其结果,或由结果分析其原因,写作中的因果法就是这种思维方式的体现。通常因果法有以下两种模式: 原因分析型:在主题句中先介绍某一事实或结果,然后对这一事

11、实或结果的原因进行分析。结果分析型:在主题句中先点明要讨论的事件或事实,然后分析已经或将要发生的结果。表示结果的常用词和短语有 therefore, as a result, accordingly, consequently, contribute to, for this reason, lead to, result in 等。 表示原因的常用词和短语有 due to, because of, owing to, because, since, as, on account of, result from 等。(4)比较、对照法比较、对照法是通过比较两个事物或一个事物的两个方面的相似点或

12、不同点来支持主题句。比较是阐述所比对象的相同、类似方面;而对照则是阐述其不同甚至相反之处。比较、对照的写作方法通常有以下两个模式:先阐述甲方,再阐述乙方,即:甲1,甲2,甲3;乙1,乙2,乙3;两方同时阐述,逐条比较,即:甲1,乙1;甲2,乙2;甲3,乙3; 例如:常用来表达比较和对照和词语有: 比较相同点时常用的词语:like, same, in the same way, similar to, similarly , both and , alike, neither nor , in common 等。 对照不同点时常用的词语:unlike, be different from, di

13、ffer from, on the other hand, in contrast, while, instead, whereas 等。() 分类法分类法是按一定标准对事物进行归类的一种段落发展方法。通过分类,使文章脉络一目了然。用分类法写作时,常用的词语有: to divide into , to classify into , to fall into, to distinguish 等。 kinds, types, sorts, groups, categories 等。 according to, in terms of, depending on, on the basis of

14、等。 to sub-classify, to sub-categorize, to sub-divide 等。() 定义法借助已知的词语和知识,对某个抽象概念、专门术语或容易引起误解的事物进行解释,阐明其性质和特征,这种发展段落的方法叫定义法。定义法一般只用于说明文,有时也用于议论文。定义法发展段落的基本模式是:定义 + 扩展部分。扩展部分展开叙述有关方面的内容,如被定义物的来历、性质、结构、特征、原理和用途等。(7) 时间顺序法按事情发生的时间先后为线索发展段落叫做时间顺序法。这种方法主要用于记叙文中叙述一件事情的经过,动词常用过去时;或用于说明文中叙述做一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤,动词常用

15、被动态。时间顺序法中常用的词语有: at the beginning, after that, then, finally 等。 first, then, next, until, in the end 等。 at first, later, afterwards, eventually 等。() 空间顺序法这种方法主要用于描述一个场所或空间,以及其中细节的位置关系。用空间法写作时,首先要确定一个参照点。此外,恰当运用承接词也是写好这类段落的关键。通常可参照下面四种方法: 1)从下到下;2)从左到右;3)从远到近;4)顺时针。表示空间的常用词语有：above, across, against,

16、 below, under, close to, next to, between, nearby, on the right (left), in the middle of, on the top of, opposite, to the west (east ) 等段落组织段落大多由三个部分构成，尤其是说明文和议论文的段落：主题句、扩展句和结尾句。（1）主题句主题句一般位于段首，是一个完整的句子，用以概括、叙述和说明该段的主题。有的也可置于段尾或段中，但最好放在段首。 如何写好主题句？1）主题句要有可写性，既不要太空泛也不要过于局限，否则扩展句将无法说明它或没有展开讨论的余地。例如： 空

17、泛：The Olympic Games are exciting. 概括：In the Olympic Games the football teams from many countries compete intensely. 2）尽量使用简洁明了的句子，做到句子完整并且表达的主题思想完整。例如：复杂: She likes collecting stamps which is her hobby. 简洁：Collecting stamps is her hobby.3）好的主题句经常使用关键词或词组来限制主题所要表达的观点。例如：Topic: Air TravelTopic sentenc

18、e: Air travel is more convenient than train for at least three reasons注：作者在“aspect”（方面）和“reason”（原因）两方面限制他的主题。4) 主题句可以由多种形式,根据不同的主题,可以有多种主题句。例如:直接说明某事物的作用或优点。 Topic: Solar Energy Topic sentence: Solar energy can contribute to our future energy supply指出人们对某事物的不同观点。 Topic: Happiness Topic sentence: It

19、 differs from person to person as to the view of happiness.（2）扩展句扩展句或称发展句、支持句，是用来发展、证明或支持段落主题思想的句子。扩展句可分为两种：主要辅助和次要辅助。主要辅助指在意义上与其他扩展句相独立，从各自不同的角度对段落主题加以深化、阐述的句子。次要辅助是隶属于主要辅助，并在与段落主题句的主旨保持一致的前提下对所属的主要辅助作进一步说明的句子。扩展句可位于段首主题句之后或段尾主题句之前。（3）结尾句结尾句是用来对全段内容进行总结、归纳或提出结论性观点的句子。顾名思义，结尾句只能位于段尾，起重复段落主题和强调段落中心思想

20、的作用。常见标点错误1 错用句号例如：We should work harder to make our motherland more and more beautiful.简析 英语中的句号是实心圆点，因为英语中的句号如果和汉语一样，则容易与字母 “o” 相混淆。2 错用顿号与省略号。例如：My brother likes eating fruit very much, such as apples、pears、bananas、grapes简析英语中没有顿号，要表示句中较短的并列词语之间的停顿，汉语习惯用顿号，而英语只能用逗号；汉语中连词 “和”、“及”之前不可用顿号，而英语中连接一系列并

21、列词语的 “and” 或 “or” 之前往往可以用逗号。另外，本例中的省略号不能像汉语那样用 “”，而应用 “”。3 错用连字符例如：At that time, I was only a fiveyearold little girl简析 英语中的连字符不能写得太长，其长度应与一个字母的宽度相当。4 错用冒号例如：My father said: “Study hard, my boy, dont worry about us!简析 汉语中直接引语前的 “某某说” 等词之后一律用冒号，而英语中却习惯用逗号。5 错用问号例如：I couldnt understand why she asked m

22、e such a strange question？简析 宾语从句由疑问词引导时，句子末尾的标点符号应由主句来决定。6 错用书名号 例如：Last winter I read a lot of novels written by famous writers And A Tale of Two Citiesgave me a deep impression简析 英语中没有书名号 “ ”，表示书的名称一般用引号，或将书名本身用斜体。校园生活相关话题：学生兼职/就业、出国留学、校外住宿、宿舍和谐、学生择师、学生俱乐部、大学生选课以及课外活动等。热门词汇： application form 申请表

23、instructor 辅导老师course arrangement 课程安排 credit 学分undergraduate 本科生 postgraduate 研究生oral examination 口试 letter of recommendation 推荐信take an examinationsit an examination 参加考试 scoremark 分数required coursecompulsory course 必修课 dean 导师optional course 选修课 cafeteria 自助小餐厅deposit money in a bank 存钱 dining ha

24、ll 食堂dormitory 宿舍 lecture hall 阶梯教室overdue and pay a fine 过期罚款 renew (借书)续借shopping mallcentre 购物中心 society 学生社团 student union 学生会 withdrawdraw cash 取钱 live outside campus 住在校外 economic burden经济负担 cultivate 培养 competition and cooperation竞争与合作网络科技相关话题：电脑/互联网的普及、信息安全、媒体广告、通讯设备的进步、网络教学及网上阅读、网上娱乐（游戏、博客、

25、开心牧场等）热门词汇：cyber romance网恋 be obsessed with对着迷，为所困扰to trace the reason for. 找出的原因 in real life在现实生活中to be deprived of被剥夺 to fall in love with sb. 爱上某人unreal world虚幻的世界 to try new things尝试新事物to fall victim to成为的牺牲品 web business网上经营online culture网上文化 mass media大众传播媒介on-line shopping网上购物 forward an e-m

26、ail发电子邮件Cyber Economy网络经济 technological advancement技术进步keep up with the change跟得上变化 information security信息安全follow some fashion blindly盲目追逐时尚 information network信息网络Internet bar网吧 online love affairs网恋cyberspace网络空间 netizen; net citizen; cyber citizen网民surf the Internet网上冲浪 visual entertainment视觉娱乐节

27、目teaching online 网络教学 mobile phone/ cellphone手机popularity of computers电脑的普及 information security信息安全net friend网友 virtual net 虚拟网络off line 下线 happy ranch开心牧场to weed 除草 visual enjoyment 视觉享受live broadcast 直接广播 colour television 彩色电视telecommunication satellite 通信卫星 televiewer, viewer 电视观众pirated VCD盗版VCD news bulletin, newscast 新闻to interview, interview 采访 interviewer 采访记者TV play series 电视连续剧 leaflet and handout广告宣传单m