届高考英语一轮复习 Unit4 Earthquakes阅读理解全方位训练1 新人教版必修.docx

1、届高考英语一轮复习 Unit4 Earthquakes阅读理解全方位训练1 新人教版必修2014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes阅读理解1第组AEveryone has heard of the San Andreas fault （断层），which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes.But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?B

2、etween December of 1811 and February of 1812，three major earthquakes occurred，all centered around the town of New Madrid，Missouri，on the Mississippi River.Property damage was severe.Buildings in the area were almost destroyed.Whole forests fell at once，and huge cracks opened in the ground，releasing

3、some strong smell chemicals.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character，developing sudden rapids and whirlpools（激流和漩涡）.Several times it changed its course，and once，according to some observers，it actually appeared to run backwards.Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes，pro

4、bably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811；but the severity of the earthquakes was shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston，South Carolina，on the coast.Buildings shook in New York City，and clocks were stopped in Washington，D.C.Scientists now kno

5、w that Americas two major faults are essentially different.The San Andreas is a horizontal （水平的） boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions.California earthquakes result when the two masses make a sudden move.The New Madrid fault，on the other hand，is a verti

6、cal fault；at some point，possibly hundreds of millions of years ago，rock was pushed up toward the surface，probably by volcanoes under the surface.Suddenly，the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed，leaving huge cracks.Even now，the rock continues to settle downwards，and sudden sinking motions cause e

7、arthquakes in the region.The fault itself，a large crack in this layer of rock，with dozens of other cracks that split off from it，extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in

8、 the area since 1811；these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming，but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.1.This passage is mainly about .A.the New Madrid fault B.the San AndreasC.the causes of faults D.current scientific know

9、ledge about faults2.Which of the following pictures best describes the type of the New Madrid fault?3.This passage implies that .A.horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faultsB.vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC.a lot of people would die if the 1811 New Madrid ea

10、rthquakes happened todayD.the volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive【语篇解读】本文通过历史回顾和科学分析，提醒人们多关注New Madrid地区频繁的地震。1.A 主旨大意题。由本文第一段的最后一句话“But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri？”可知。2.B 细节理解题。由本文第四段和第五段内容可以判断The San Andreas fault是水平地震，而The Ne

11、w Madrid fault是垂直地震，所以B项正确。3.C 推理判断题。本文无A、B两项相关内容；根据第五段中第二句“Suddenly，the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed，leaving huge cracks.Even now，the rock continues to settle downwards.”可以排除D项；根据第三段第三句“Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes，probably simply because few people lived in the a

12、rea in 1811.”可以推测答案为C。BA powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2：46 p.m.local time on March 11th，2011.Japans Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later.The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.There

13、are over 4，000 Seismic Intensity Meters （地震烈度测量仪） in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity.These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening.Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.There are also

14、 concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline.But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.Castas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles.He says，“Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning.They had a warning

15、.I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”He says there are two reasons for this.Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last 150 years.And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.The 9.0

16、-magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide.It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan.The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.Costas Synolakis says Japans concrete sea walls were not built to han

17、dle such high waves.A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour.To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers.This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit.This is especially true in cases like Japan，where the center of the earthqu

18、ake struck so close to the coastline.The tsunami waves followed almost immediately.Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted.4.From the second paragraph we can infer that .A.Japan is an island countryB.the center of t

19、he earthquake is located in the northeastern coastC.the meters in Japan have dropped behindD.many measures have been carried out to reduce the consequences of earthquakes in Japan5.The underlined word “anticipated” in the third paragraph probably means“ ”.A.predicted B.measuredC.counted D.prevented6

20、.The underlined words “these facts” in the last paragraph refer to the following EXCEPT .A.the concrete sea walls cant control the waveB.it is the worst earthquake happening in Japan in the historyC.the speed of the tsunami is frightening and quickD.there are many earthquakes in Japan7.Which may be

21、the best title of this passage?A.Earthquakes and tsunamis can be predictedB.A 9.0-magnitude earthquake hit JapanC.Japans concrete sea wallsD.A report about Japans early warning systems8.On which column of China Daily can you find the passage?A.Technology. B.Culture discovery.C.Travel. D.History.【语篇解

22、读】本文是科技文。日本的地震预警系统位居世界前列，能在地震发生后的两分钟内提供信息。三分钟内能够提供有关地震强度和震中的信息。在海啸预警方面，日本是世界上准备工作做得最充分的国家之一，但他们没有预测出这次海啸的规模如此之大。4.D 推理判断题。A项说法正确，但不是本段的推理；B项不是由第二段推理得出的，是第一段中明示的信息。根据“These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening.Information about the strength and the center of the ea

23、rthquake can be learned within three minutes.”判断，C项推理错误。D项根据所列事实可以推断得出。5.A 猜测词义题。根据第四段和第五段信息可知，日本的海啸预警系统是世界上最好的之一，此次失误在于没有预料到海啸的规模如此大。6.D 细节认定题。根据文章倒数第二段、倒数第三段内容可知答案为D。7.D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容判断，文章介绍日本拥有世界上最先进的地震、海啸预警系统，但没有预料到这次大地震和海啸如此之猛。8.A 推理判断题。本文主要介绍的是日本的地震、海啸预警系统的先进性和局限性。CThe mom had died when the res

24、cuers found her after the terrible earthquake.She was covered by a destroyed house.Through gaps （缝隙） of those ruins，the rescuers could see her last posture （姿势）.It was something like an ancient person who was kowtowing （叩头），but it just looked strange because she was out of shape by pressure.The resc

25、uers confirmed her death by touching her through the gaps of the ruins.They shouted at the ruins again and again，knocked the bricks using various tools，but no reply inside.Then the rescuing team went to the next building.Suddenly the leader ran back，calling,“Come here.” He came to the body，put his h

26、ands under the woman，feeling and touching，then shouted loudly and gladly，“There is someone，a baby，still living.”Through some efforts，rescuers cleaned up the ruins which blocked her.Under her body lay her baby，who was covered by a small red quilt （棉被）.He was about 3 or 4 months old.Since well protect

27、ed by his mothers body，he was safe.He was in a deep sleep when the rescuer carried him out，and his lovely and peaceful face warmed everyone around him.The doctor，along with the rescuing team，took the baby out of the quilt to check if the baby was all right，and he found there was a mobile phone in th

28、e quilt.The doctor looked at the screen；a written message was already there：“My dear baby，if you could live，dont forget how much I love you.” As a doctor，he experienced much of this type of separation；but at this moment，he cried.The mobile phone was passed，and every person who saw this message shed

29、（流出） tears.9.When the rescuers found the mom，she .A.was using her mobile phone to ask for helpB.begged the rescuers to save her baby firstC.was struggling with the pressureD.didnt have the normal shape10.When the baby was rescued，he .A.was smiling a lot B.was fast asleepC.was listening carefully D.w

30、as frightened to death11.After seeing the words on the mobile phone，people was .A.pleased B.excited C.moved D.tired12.The passage is mainly about .A.a story of saving a mother and her babyB.the disaster of a terrible earthquakeC.the rescuers hard work after an earthquakeD.the great love of a mother

31、in the earthquake【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了地震中，一位母亲为了救自己的孩子，让自己的身躯承受倒塌的重量，从而为孩子形成了一个庇护所，同时还在手机上给孩子留言。这些都反映了母爱的伟大。9.D 细节理解题。从第一段中的“just looked strange because she was out of shape by pressure”可知，这位母亲已经被倒塌的房子压得变了形。故答案选D项。10.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He was in a deep sleep.”可知，这个婴儿在熟睡。故答案选B项。11.C 推理判断题。人们看到母亲为了救自己的孩子而牺牲自己，并

32、在手机上留言“孩子，将来如果你还活着，不要忘了我是多么爱你”。此情此景，人们无不为伟大的母爱而感动。12.D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一次地震中，母亲为了救自己的孩子，让自己的身躯承受倒塌的重量，从而为孩子形成了一个庇护所，同时还在手机上给孩子留言。这些都反映了母爱的伟大。故答案选D项。DWong Fuk-wing，a Hong Kong volunteer （志愿者） at an orphanage （孤儿院） in Yushu，was killed in the earthquake when he was trying to save others on April 14，2010.Wong managed to run safely out of the building with some children when the first quake happened at 7:50 a.m.on April 14，but he went back inside to rescue three other children and three teachers inside