最新中考英语总复习阅读理解方法讲义专题特训十Word版含答案解析.docx

1、最新中考英语总复习阅读理解方法讲义专题特训十Word版含答案解析 中考英语阅读理解（十）专题十八 阅读理解第10讲 阅读理解解题方法指导教学目标1. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的命题规律；2. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的解题方法；3. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的高频词。名师点拨北京中考阅读理解CD篇命题规律总结 阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解主要考察学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。近年来逐渐显现出文章易

2、懂，但选题较难的趋势，要求阅读速度为每分钟约40-50词。 北京中考阅读理解CD篇的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1. 阅读量约在350-450字之间；2. 题材广泛，包括日常生活类、人生百味类、科普环保类、教育类和社会现象类等；3. 体裁多样，以议论文和说明文为主。 北京中考阅读理解CD篇考察的主要内容是：1. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力；2. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力；3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力；4. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力；5. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。 建议：平时阅读理解要加强科普类、议论类文章的阅读，做题方法不要只停留

3、在机械寻找信息上，注重文章写作结构、主旨大意、观点态度的理解上，阅读英文原著，不要局限于中考试题。北京中考阅读理解CD篇解题方法指导一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来

4、，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻

5、、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following statements is true/false?2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题练习1. Auggie lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a n

6、ormal boy in many ways. He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book, he tells us My name is August. I wont describe what I look like. Whatever youre thinking, its probably worse. In

7、the street, people look at Auggie and are frightened.（北京东城一模C篇）How is Auggie different from other boys?A. His name is special. B. His face shape is not normal.C. He doesnt go to school. D. He likes playing with his Xbox.2. Its not a joke, nor have the Canadians gone mad. They are using these chicken

8、s to see if the West Nile virus (病毒) is still around. The virus infects birds, so the chickens have a chance of catching the virus and fall ill. The West Nile virus is spread among humans. It killed seven people in New York last year.（北京海淀一模C篇）Why are Canadian officials placing chickens along the bo

9、rder? A. To help clean up the border. B. To see if the virus is still around. C. To protect the chickens from falling ill. D. To make sure that the birds can find food. 3. Few of us have heard of Nils Bohlin, but whenever we take a car journey his invention makes us safer. Found in almost every mode

10、m car, the three-point seat belt reduces our chances of death or injury (伤害）by at least 50% . While feeling thankful to this engineer from Volvo, you may also wonder how he came up with such a great idea.（北京朝阳一模C篇）Three-point seat belts reduce chances of death or injury by at least_.A. 10% B. 30% C.

11、 40% D. 50%参考答案：B B D题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred from the text that_.2. From the text we know that _.3. With which of the following does the author agree?4. The passage is probably taken from a _.解题

12、技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题练习1. However, somehow it seems rude or perhaps makes people feel that youre upset to say to people “ Im going to go and spend some time by myself. ” And often when we are spending time alone , we are actually connected with a piece o

13、f electrical equipment. We try to make something into a Facebook or a Tweet to attract our friends, or we scroll (滚屏) through Facebook nosing into other peoples lives or seeing what friends are up to. We judge ourselves and other people by the photos they put online, so we can tell how much fun they

14、 are having compared to us. This is an age when we can get so much surface information about other peoples lives, but being wrapped（包裹） up in what other people are doing or always thinking about other peoples recognition (认可) of us can be quite unhealthy. Perhaps these days forget about the simple p

15、leasure of spending time just for us.（北京东城一模D篇）The writer agrees . A. Its important to know what other people think of usB. its harmful to always compare ourselves with othersC. technology helps us to judge and improve ourselvesD. technology helps us to know about other people clearly2. “Perfectioni

16、st kids are often driven by parents.” As a parent, see whether you are pushing your child to feel like she cant make a single mistake. Do you talk about top schools every day? Do you make a huge deal out of a grade that isnt an A? “You can ask your child, Why do you think you have to get straight As

17、?”, Frank says. Theres more to life. Parents can offer their children opportunities to have fun. “Model hard work, relaxation, laughter, and joy,” he says.“Its not what you say to kids, its how you live.”（北京东城二模D篇）What suggestion does the writer give to the parents of perfectionist children?A. Choos

18、ing top schools for their children.B. Doing something enjoyable with their children.C. Preventing their children from making mistakes.D. Offering a lot of help with their childrens study.3. While there are clearly both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to Apples latest invention, I personal

19、ly like my single-purpose watch that simply tells me the time! What about you? Would you be interested in having a smart watch?（北京海淀二模C篇）From the passage, we can learn that the writer _. A. worries about the safety of the smart watchB. thinks highly of the progress of technologyC. introduces the new

20、est kind of smart phonesD. prefers single-purpose watches that tell the time参考答案：B B D题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _.2. The word“”most likely means _.3. Which of the following is closest

21、 in meaning to the word _.解题技巧1. 通过因果关系猜测词义2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3. 通过构词法猜测词义4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5. 通过描述猜测词义6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题练习1. These days there are lot of possibilities to be always connected to family and friends. Now that I have just moved lo France, this can be very convenient. I

22、can ring my sister who lives in Los Angeles on Viber, or I can Skype my parents or friends back in England for a chat. However, sometimes the convenient and dependability of technology can be intrusive.（北京东城一模D篇）What does the underlined word “intrusive” probably mean?A. Interruptive B. Helpful.C. Un

23、satisfactory. D. Important.2. In all these cases to keep up good neighborliness, some understanding between the neighbors is important. Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out. Try to be friendly and the problem will not be difficult to solve. Care can at times play a good part and

24、help the neighbors in a small or big way. Nobody is perfect and it is better not to speak ill of your neighbors. A cheerful word, a nod or a small talk will strengthen the feeling of good neighborliness. What does the sentence “Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out.” in Paragraph

25、4 probably mean? （北京海淀一模D篇）A. Praising others can help to be good neighbors.B. Unimportant disagreement can be easily solved. C. One can easily make good use of small arguments. D. Nobody can be perfect enough to speak ill of others. 3. Both companies and individuals（个人）can benefit from telework. On

26、e benefit for companies is that it can save money. It can also help improve morale. This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier. If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs. This is good for the company. As for individuals, they can save money by cutt

27、ing down their transportation costs. They also save time because they do not have to go to the office every day. Depending on how often they work from home, telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.（北京东城二模C篇）What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean?A. Health. B. Abili

28、ties. C. Spirits. D. Wealth.参考答案：A B C题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _.2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _. / The passage is mostly about _.3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _. / The purpose of t

29、his article is to _.解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题练习1. Is this a smart invention or technology gone too far? While the Apple watch is stylish in appearance, I cant help but question certain aspects（方面）of the new device. Is it a positive thing to be able t

30、o receive messages through a watch, or is this another way of letting technology upset our social lives?（北京海淀二模C篇）What is probably the best title for this passage?A. The Apple Watch：The Latest InventionB. The Apple Watch：Smart and FashionableC. The Apple Watch：Technology Gone Too Far?D. The Apple Wa

31、tch：A Convenient Way to Exercise?2. Having said all that, I also think that spending too much time by yourself can separate you from others. I suppose it is important to find a good balance between spending valuable time by yourself and with other people.（北京东城一模D篇）Whats the best title for the passage?A. Is technology really good for us? B. How can we keep in touch with others?C. What is the best way to enjoy ourselves? D. Do we spend enough time truly by ourselves?2015 has been decided to be the Year of Festivals in Malaysiaso theres never been a better time t