1、时 态,两 现,三一,现在进行时 现在完成时,一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时,三 过过去进行时过去完成时 过去将来时,看时间,定语态,Ilearn Englishevery day,.,I learned EnglishI will learn English,yesterday.next year.,now.just now.,I am learning English I was learning English I have learned English,for three years.,by the end of,I had learned English 3 years las
2、t month.I said I would learn English,the next day.,初中常见的6种时态:,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,一般将来时,各种时态的用法,一、一般现在时,2.结构:主语+动词原形/动词单三形式,3.标志词:,1.The boy usuallygets(get)to school early.2.Light travels(travel)faster than sound.,1.用法:A.,现在经常性的动作或状态B.客观事实和真理。,always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every da
3、y/week/month/year/,一般现在时的注意点:,在when,as soon as,until,after,before等到引导的时间状语从句和if 引导的条件,状语从句中,She ll write to you as soon as shegets there.,用一般现在时表示将来.,主将从现如果明天不下雨,我们将去野营。If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go camping.她一到达那儿,就会给你写信。,当主句是祈使句或含有情态动词时,从句 用一般现在时。,Dont get off the bus until it stops(stop).You
4、may go out to play when you finish(finish)your homework.某些以here,there开头的句子用一般现在时 表示现在进行时。Here comes a car.There goesthe bell.,二、一般过去时,用法:结构:,A.makeC.will make,B.made D am making,2.标志词:yesterday,the day before yesterday,three days ago,last night/week/month,in the past;just now=a moment ago【2010河北省卷】3
5、9.I Ba mistake.Please dont be angry with me.,过去的动作或状态。主语+V-ed,三、一般将来时1.用法:将来的动作或状态。,结构:1)will+动词原形)am(is,are)going to+动词原形)常用be doing表示将来的动词:go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等如:We are leaving for london.4)be about to+do和be to+do表示即将发生的,动作,The train is about to start.She is to be married next month.,be
6、going to与will/shall,be to do,be about to do的用 法及区别:,If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.(,错误),be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算 往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。*be going to 表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。如:If it is fine,well go fishing.(正确),be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩
7、咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.be about to do sth.表示“即可,就要”,后面不能接时间状 语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.,3.标志词:tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,inthree days,in(the)future,next week/month/term,from now on,下面几种情况只用will/shall:表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时:Will you p
8、lease lend me your bike?We will help him if he asks us.表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时:The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow moring.,三、现在进行时,2.结构:,A.has played C.was playing,B.will play D.is playing,1.用法:A.现刻动作:目前正在发生的动作。,3.标志词:now,Look!Listen!this week,these days中考模拟:-Mike,who football in the yard?-Let me go an
9、d see.(2010顺义),B.现阶段动作:目前一个时期一直 在进行的动作,此刻不一定在进行。is/am/are+doing,注意,A.有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将,。,来,如:begin,start,come,go,leave1.-Lucy!Would you like to give me a hand?-OK.I.,A.will come C.am coming,B.come D.would come,2.-When you for Toronto?-Tomorrow.,A.do;leave C.will;leaving,B.are;leaving D.shall;leave,B
10、.现在进行时和always连用,表示说话 人较强烈的感情色彩。,The boy isalways helping us!,(夸赞),You are always makingthe same mistake!(责备),四、过去进行时,2.结构:,1.用法:过去某时某段时间正在进行的动作。,3.标志词:at that time,this timeyesterday,then,when,last night,last year,at 9:00 yesterday;from seven to nine;yesterday,yesterday morning,was/were+doing,含有when
11、和while引导的时间状语:,主句中的动作先于从句的动作发生,且进行时间较长 时,主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时The boy was walking down the street when the earthquake happened.从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生时,且进行的时 间较长时,从句用过去进行时,主句用一般过去时When he was playing,all of us sat still and listened.若主从句动作同时进行时,从句一般用while引导He was reading a newspaper while I was watching TV.谁先发
12、生谁用进行时,1.用法:,1,2,五、现在完成时,过去的动作对现在的影响。,I have finished my homework.过去的动作持续到现在,还可能继续持续。I have stayedhere for an hour!,2.结构,have/has+done,3.标志词,already,just,yet,ever,never,so far(till now/up to now),recently,in the past 3 years,before,since+时间点,for+时间段 She has learnt English for 3 years.They have lived
13、 here since 1990.注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如come,go,die,join,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间 的短语连用。,4.瞬间动词和延续性动词若句中出现时间段,则必须使用 延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动 词转换关系如下:,1.The film began5 minutes ago.2.They left an hour ago.3.The man died a week ago.4.He joinedthe club 3 days ago.,6.He camehere an hour ago.7.Jack got home2 hours ago
14、.,10.I boughtthe car a year ago.,The film has been on for 5 minutes.,Theyhave been awayfor an hour.The manhas been dead for a week.He has been in the club for 3 days.,5.They got married10 years ago.They have been marriedfor 10 years.,He has beenhere since an hour ago.Jack has beenhome for 2 hours.,8
15、.Mum openedthe door just now.The door has beenopen for a while.9.I borrowed the book a week ago.I have keptthe book for a week.,I have hadthe car since a year ago.,have been(to)和have gone(to)的区别:,have/has been(to)表示“曾经去过”某 地,说话时此人很 可能不在那里,已经回来。侧重指经历。have/has gone(to)表示某人“已经去了”某地,说话时此人在那里,或可能在路上,反正不在
16、这里。,短暂性动词与延续性动词,将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段 时间连用,其常用的方法有:a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有:,buy borrow,havekeep,catch/get a cold get to know join the Party,have a cold knowbe a Party member,leave die begin,be away(from)be deadbe on,be here,come here fall asleepjoin the Army,be asleepbe in the Army,come to work/live begin to study/teach,work/live study/teach,B.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语,原动词的完成时改为 过去时He came here three months ago.C.用“It is/has been+一段时间+since(一般过去时)”结构。It is/has been three months since he came here.,D.用
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