考研英语阅读部分.docx

1、考研英语阅读部分2014年考研英语阅读部分（1）正确答案的特征-同义改写的手段1 同义词替换2 词性的转化3 正话反说，反话正说4 具体与抽象转化5 从句与简单句的转化（2）错误答案的命题特点：1. 张冠李戴2. 过于绝对3. 断章取义4. 推理过度5. 偷换概念，小动作6. 字面意思，肤浅直白7. 因果颠倒，逻辑混乱8. 扩大范围9. 无据比较10. 时态语态错误1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which can develo

2、p his or her capacity for active responses and which can encourage the curiosity of the children will have greater intellectual development.What can be inferred from this sentence?A. Stimuli are essential to the childs positive responses.B. Many stimuli can help children improve their IQ.C. A childs

3、 active responses develop the curiosity of himD. Greater intellectual development is based on the environment.2. American X-generations who stem from generations which left their old people behind and never closed their parents eyelid in death, and who have heard about the death provided by two worl

4、d wars fought far from our shores are today getting rid of a recognition of the way their predecessors live their lives.We can infer that American X-generations_?A. are deserting others lifestyles because of their parents death B. are detached to the way of living of modern societyC. care about noth

5、ing but their own business and their childrenD. are becoming self-concerned because of knowing the death of two world wars3. Unwillingly, he finds that students who were easy to teach because they succeeded in putting everything they had learned into practice hesitate when confronted with the vast u

6、ntouched area of English vocabulary and usage which fall outside the scope of basic textbooks.We can infer that the students_.A. hesitate when they put everything they had learned into practiceB. deal with the unfamiliar English vocabulary badly because of being so dependent on teachersC. should lea

7、rn more about extracurricular knowledge rather than focusing on textbooks aloneD. can easily put the vocabulary and usage of English into practice4. Science that promotes the innovation of our social productivity and service moves forward not so much through the insights of great men that play a pio

8、neering role in our society as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.Scientific progress mainly stems from .A. gifted scientists and great figuresB. capacity for understanding hidden truthsC. better techniques and facilities D. powerful men and ordinary things5. The incr

9、ease in the number of married women employed outside the home had less to do with the mechanization and convenience of the housework and an increase in spare time for these women than with their own unavoidable economic requirements and with high marriage rates that decrease the available number of

10、single women workers.Which of the following account for more married female workers?A. The automation and convenience of housework and high marriage ratesB. Financial burden and fewer single women workersC. Womens desire for leisure lives and keeping a high salaryD. Unavoidable economic demands and

11、the importance of single women6. Coupled with the growing quantity of information and demands of getting more useful information is the development of technologies which enable delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations and make it possible to store vast amounts of data.What c

12、an be inferred from the sentence?A. Information storage is more important than deliveryB. Improved technologies leads to obtaining more useful informationC. Speedy delivery of information demands advanced technologyD. Getting more useful information needs storing much information.7. Never when topic

13、 discussions avoided the subjects which are fashionable enough to give rise to curiosity was the mind of teenagers stirred up from its foundations and the purpose of discussions fulfilled.If successful topics are to be held, A. subjects can not be too dullB. the mind of teenagers should be stirred u

14、p C. teenagers should realize the importance of discussions D. curiosity should be encouraged by fashionable topics8. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal

15、symptoms when the substance is discontinued and new medicine is used quickly and finally by the occurrence of new tolerance when you take the new medicine repeatedly.What can be inferred from the sentence?A. Uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms lead to usage of new medicine.B. You feel unpleasant when

16、taking the new medicine repeatedly.C. Dependence is characterized by tolerance of tremendous use of medicine.D. new medicine is better than the old one to help the patients recover quickly.9. Human beings have long distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival,

17、by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.If man is to survive, A. he should be as different as possible from other creaturesB. he should build a good relationship with the environment C. he s

18、hould become accustomed to its environmentD. he can observe his own needs and environment10. Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know that truth about their condition, and informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more low

19、ly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.According to the studies, A. knowing the truth does little good to the recoveryB. without a doctors help a patient will lose heart C. sometimes a risk is worth taking in order to save a patient D. a patient will recover sooner with a good doctor

20、段落科学的阅读方法如何读文章（or rather，把握文章）1、统一性（一致性）（Unity）（1）主题句（topic sentence supporting paragraphs/sentences/details）（2）关键词重复或重现（key words or terms）举例：space exploration / study / research / project / program technological progress / solution / proposal / changes /advances （3）（完形、阅读）难题：善于多联系主题（top-down）2、连贯性

21、（Coherence）（1）宏观：全文展开模式（即全文的套路pattern） a. 记叙/描述说明（Narration and description）b. 一般具体（立论/驳论） c. 具体一般：引子开头；提出问题（现象）分析问题（原因）（解决问题）d. 对比型套路（Compare and contrast）e. 并列展开模式：（2）微观：句子与句子、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系（起承转合）； 有时还要善于自觉揣摩隐含的逻辑关系。3、如何读？（1）目的：What or who is the text about?What aspect(s) of this subject is the auth

22、or talking about?What is the author trying to get across about this aspect of the subject?（2）路标：a. 段落句 b. 启承转合之处c. 强对比之处 d. 例证之处 e. 褒贬含义显著的字眼 f. 因果关系之处1重点考察段落的一致性,连贯性的能力话题词重复模式命题人的核心价值和正确答案的唯一 正确答案往往是段落重复两次以上的话题词People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhaust

23、ed, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their a

24、rt to be a bummer too. The word “bummer” most probably means something A. religious B. unpleasant C. soulD. worms历年真题08年Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to devel

25、oping depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men.” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to

26、 produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a womans increased dose of stress

27、 chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “Its not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with.” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,” she observes, “its just that theyre dealing with so

28、many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed t

29、o more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be qu

30、ite devastating.” Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she b

31、ecame a single mother. “Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of

32、 obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?A. Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.B. Women are still suffering much stress caused by m