名词性从句学案语法精讲主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句经典习题含答案.docx

1、名词性从句学案语法精讲主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句经典习题含答案名词性从句名词性从句（主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句）（1） 主语从句1 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2 2 构成：关联词+简单句3 3 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：4 (1) 从属连词that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2) 从属连词whether。如：Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否会来

2、这里还不清楚。(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。解释：1 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从

3、句。如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：Its a pity that we cant go. 很遗憾我们不能去。C.It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。D.It+d

4、oesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：How strange it is that the children

5、 are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！2注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。（2） 表语从句1 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2 构成：关联词+简单句3 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1) 从属连词that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：He looke

6、d just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： The question is how he did it. 问题是

7、他是如何做此事的。解释：1 连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。2 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。注意：1 what引导 “.+ is + what表语从句”，= “.+ is + 先行词that ”，表示“.是表语从句”例：Raw mater

8、ial is what we are badly in need of. = Raw material is the thing that we are badly in need of.2 when、where、why、whether、how引导 “.+ is +when、where、why、whether、how表语从句”，表示“.是表语从句”例：Thats where we differ. 表语从句中只能用whether表示是否例：The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.3 that引导 “.+

9、 is /remain/look/seem/appear + that表语从句”，表示“.是表语从句”例：Whats troubling me is that I dont have much experience in this field. 主语是reason时，表语从句必须由that引出例：The reason I dont go there was that I got a new job.4 as if/as through引导 “look/seem/appear/remain（系动词）+ as if/as through 表语从句”，表示“.好像表语从句” 例：It looks a

10、s if it is going to rain.（3） 宾语从句1 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2 构成：关联词+简单句3 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词that。如：He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。1 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出发生的事情并知道

11、Tom非常害怕。2I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。3That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4 We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary

12、 period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。(2)从属连词if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：Who or what he was, Martin never learned.(1) 介词宾语从句宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：He was deeply

13、 displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。有时介词可以省略。如：I dont care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。解释：1如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will

14、 not give in.他已表明他不会屈服。2作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：Are you sorry for what youve done?你为你所

15、做的一切感到内疚吗？3某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能确定我该做什么。4连词whether (or not)或if引导的宾语从句if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如：I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。5宾语

16、从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：I dont think you are right. 我认为你错了。6 宾语从句的时态变化规律：(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳运行。注意：that引导 “主语 + 谓语动词 + that

17、宾语从句”，表示“.做（动作）宾语从句”例：The pupils said (that) the questions were too difficult. that可省略 “Sb.dont doubt（否定/疑问句） + that宾语从句”：否定怀疑时，必须用that例：I dont doubt that he is telling the truth. “discuss + that 宾语从句”：discuss后面必须跟that 引导的宾语从句例：We discussed that we should put off the meeting. 若that引导的宾语从句还有补足语的话，需引入

18、形式并与it，即“动词 + it + 宾语补足语 + that宾语从句”例：Clinton wants to make it clear to the public that the government will investigate the event seriously.（4） 同位语从句1 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：They were all very much worried over t

19、he fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否来。连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We havent yet settled the question where we are go

20、ing to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。解释：1that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别that引导的同位语从句，that引导的定语从句功能上：that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上：从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new En

21、glish teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。)李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。2一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。注意：that引导 “fact/fear/news/message/word/story/question/problem/truth/hope/idea/prom

22、ise/ suggestion/belief/doubt/evidence（抽象名词） + that同位语从句 + 谓语 + 其他”例：The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure. 若同位语从句较长，可将位于主句的谓语动词提前，将同位语从句置后例：Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.名词性从句专项练习1_he does has nothing to do with me. A

23、. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information

24、 has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place has he gone D.

25、where has he gone7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. A. that B. which C. of which D. of that8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. _is no p

26、ossibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if11. Is _he said really true? A. that B. what C. why D. whether12._the meeti

27、ng should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for14. ?_more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If15._he will go to work

28、in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If16. _you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what18. _appeared to me that he en

29、joyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. WhereKeys: 15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA、（ ） _ of Class Six do wh

30、at they can to help the orphan is known to everyone in our school.A The students B Whatever the studentsC What the students D That the students2、（ ）_ caused the accident is still a completely mystery.A What B That C How D When3、（ ）What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the se

31、rious disease soon.A when B how C whether D why4、（ ）This is _ the river was polluted.A what B how C that D whether 5、（ ）It sounds _ the situation is unlikely to improve.A as if B how C as D so that6、（ ）There is a general feeling in them _ they are dissatisfied with the game result the Chinese football team got.A that B which C of which D what7、（ ）I have no idea _