1、英语高三英语精准培优专练情态动词附解析【英语】高三英语精准培优专练情态动词(附解析)一、单项选择情态动词1It turned out that the hotel was so near. I _ the taxi.Aneednt have taken Bmust have taken Cshould take Dcould take【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:结果证明这家宾馆非常近。我本不必乘坐出租车。neednt have done表示“本不必做某事实际上做了”,根据句意,旅馆很近不用乘坐出租车,但是乘车了。故选A。2It is really cold and the g
2、round is wet; it _ have rained last night.Amight BmustCcan Dshould【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:天气很冷而且地面是湿的,昨晚一定下了雨。根据上文the ground is wet可知,“昨晚下了雨”是肯定的,故用must have done“必定做了”表示对过去十分有把握的推测,故选B。【点睛】must have done用法辨析must have done:表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测,推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过(存在过)。He must have been a doctor, for he k
3、nows medicine so well. 他过去肯定是一位医生,他对医学如此了解。Somebody must have stolen the ring. 肯定有人偷了这枚戒指. 该句所推断的偷窃动作发生在过去.The temperature must have dropped to below zero last night, because the water is frozen all over.昨夜的温度肯定降到零度以下,因为水都冻住了。如果“must + have + 过去分词”句型与by now连用,还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测,但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作。例
4、如:They started early this morning; they must have arrived by now. 他们今晨很早就出发了,现在肯定已经到了。中国学生的常见病句是:They.; they certainly have arrived.病句的句义是“他们当然已经到达了。”(这不是对过去的肯定推测,而是断定动作已经完成。)3 Mum, little Ray broke his toys again!It doesnt matter. You see, accidents _happen.Ashall Bshould Cmust Dwill【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查
5、情态动词辨析。句意:妈妈,小雷又弄坏了他的玩具。没事的,你看,意外总会发生。A. shall将要,会;B. should应当;C. must必须;D. will总是。Will可以表示习惯,意思为“惯于,总是”。故D选项正确。【点睛】will/would是情态动词,其表达的意思如下。(1)表示意志或意愿:决心,愿意,好吗?We will do our best to save the child. 我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldnt listen. 我叫她别哭,可她就是不愿听。注:表示请求、建议或征求对方意见时,
6、用Would you? 比用Will you?更婉转。如:Will/Would you please keep the door open? 请让门开着好吗?Will/Would you go with me? 你愿意和我一起去吗?(2)表示真理或习惯:惯于,总是。如:Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水面上。She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. 她独自在房间里听音乐,一听往往就是几小时。He would get up early when he lived in the country. 他住在乡
7、下时总是早起。(3)表示要求:一定,必须。如:You will report to me afterward. 你稍后一定要向我报告。(4)表示猜测:可能,大概。如:This will be the house youre looking for. 这大概就是你找的那所房子了。(5)表示功能:能。如:This auditorium will/would seat one thousand people. 这个礼堂能容纳一千人分析句子可知,本句中的will表示习惯,意思为“惯于,总是”且符合语境。故D选项正确。4Days later, my brother called to say he wa
8、s all right, but _say where he was.Amustnt Bshouldnt Cwouldnt Dmightnt【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意:“数天后,我弟弟打电话说他很好,但不肯告诉我他在哪里。”mustnt“禁止”;shouldnt“不应该”;wouldnt“不情愿”;mightnt“不可能”。5Whats wrong with you?Oh, I am sick. I _ so much ice cream just now.Ashouldnt eat Bmustnt eatCcouldnt have eaten Dshouldnt have eate
9、n【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意:你怎么了?我生病了,我刚才不应该吃那么多冰激凌。A. shouldnt eat不应该吃;B. mustnt eat禁止吃;C. couldnt have eaten不可能吃;D. shouldnt have eaten本来不应该吃。根据just now可知,是发生在过去,故选D。6It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.Amay Bcan Cmust Dshould【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词表猜测的用法。句意:一
10、定是汤姆把车停在这儿的,因为他是唯一有车的人。A. may可能;B. can可能;C. must一定;D. should应该。由as he is the only one with a car.可知一定是他把车停在这里的,非常有把握的肯定推测,故选C。7No student _ go out of school to have lunch without permission of the headteacher.Amight BmustCshall Dcould【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:未经校长允许,任何学生不得离开学校去吃午饭。might可能;must一定,必须;sha
11、ll会,将;could能够。本句是一条禁令。shall用于肯定句并且主语是第一、三人称时,表示允诺,警告,劝告等语气。故选C。8 I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didnt you drive him there? I _. But my car _ .Awould; was fixed Bwould have; was fixedCwould have; was being fixed Ddid; was being fixed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意:-我看见你叔叔坐出租车去机场了。你为什么不开
12、车送他去那里呢?-我本来想送他了。但是我的汽车当时正在修理。根据语境可知说话人表示本来想做但是没有做的事情,应该用would have done;而修理汽车是指当他叔叔去机场的时候,表示过去正在进行的动作,故答案选C。9I still find it hard to imagine that such a clever child _ make such a foolish mistake.Ashall BmustCcan Dshould【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。 句意:我仍然难以想象这样聪明的孩子竟然犯这样愚蠢的错误。should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话
13、人看来是不可思议的,常常译为竟会、居然,这么聪明的孩子竟然犯这样愚蠢的错误。表示意外,shall表示允诺,命令等,must表示必须,can表示能力及可能性。所以答案选D。10Our English teacher is considerate,helpful,and warm-hearted,but sometimes she_ be angry at our silly mistakes.Ashould BmustCcan Dshall【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:我们的英语老师很体贴、乐于助人、热心肠,但有时她可能为我们愚蠢的错误而发火。can表示一种客观的可能性,但不一定
14、会发生,故C项正确。11Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I _ this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks quite odd and ridiculous.Ashould have done Bneed have done Cwould have done Dmust have done【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:坦率地说,我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备做这件事,这看起来很奇怪和可笑。A. should have done表示
15、本应该做某事,而实际上没有做某事;B. need have done表示本来需要做某事而没有做;C. would have done虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”;D. must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”。由“in the old days”可知,本句表示对过去事情的假设。故选C项。12_ you disturb me now? Im busy preparing a report. Terribly sorry, but I have something urgent to tell you.ANeed BShould CMight
16、 DMust【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词特殊用法。句意:你非要现在打扰我吗?我正在准备一份报告。真对不起,但是我怕有紧急事情告诉你。A. Need需要;B. Should 应该;C. Might也许;D. Must必须;一定;偏偏,非得;根据语境可知must表示“偏偏,非得”符合上下文语境,用来指责对方。故D项正确。13Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You_ have made full preparations.Amust Bcan Cwould Dshould【答案】D【解析】【详解】考
17、查情态动词+have done结构。句意:对不起,妈妈,我面试又失败了。噢,那太糟糕了,你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须;B.can可以;C.would将会;D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气,can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过吗?”;could+have+done,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做;must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句;should+have+done意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做”。故选D【名师点睛】情态动词是一
18、种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但它不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点,每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在:情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别,情态动词否定式的用法辨析,“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。14Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he _ go out and buy something, usually something large and useless.Ashould BcouldCwould Dmight【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:
19、安说无论什么时候她父亲不高兴的时候,他就会出去买些东西,通常是一些又大又没用的东西。A. should应该;B. could能;C. would总是,愿意;D. might可能。此处表示过去经常习惯做某事,故选C。15You _ be right but Im going back to check anyway.Ashould Bmust Cneed Dmight【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:你或许是对的,但我还是要回去核对一下。A. should应该;B. must一定,必须;C. need需要;D. might或许。本题主要考查情态动词表示推测的用法,由Im going
20、back to check anyway可知,我对此不确定。由此可知,D项符合题意。故选D项。【点睛】can / could用于表推测的用法(1)从使用句型上看,can通常只用于否定句或疑问句,一般不用于肯定句,而could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别,只是could比 can更委婉,更不确定。(2)从时间关系看,对现在或将来情况作推测,后接动词原形;对正在进行的情况作推测,后接be doing结构;对过去情况作推测,后接动词完成式。二、may / might用于表推测的用法表示推测,两者都可用,只是might比may语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。如本题,根据Im go
21、ing back to check anyway可知,我对此不确定。由此可知,D项符合题意。(1)在句型使用方面:两者均可用于肯定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等),而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算普通,通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。三、must表示推测的用法must表示很有把握的推测,其意为“一定会”“肯定会”,只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测,后接动词原形;表示对过去情况的推测,接动词完成式。16Did you attend the meeting for the experim
22、ent project yesterday?Yes, but I dont think I _ because my director was there.Aneed to have Bneed to Cneeded to Dneed have【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:你昨天参加实验项目的会议了吗?是的,但我想我(本来)不需要,因为我的主管在那里。Think/suppose等宾语从句中如果有否定词时,要把从句的否定词not前移,即“否定前移”。所以not是从句中的否定词。“need have done”意为“本来有必要做而未做”;“neednt
23、have done”指过去本来没必要做而做了。根据上一句时间状语“yesterday”可知本句指的是过去发生的事。结合第二句“because my director was there(我的主管)在”可推断出,我本来不必要去。故选D。17- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.-Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself.Aneednt do Bshouldnt have done Cmustnt do Dneednt have done【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意: -凯瑟琳,我已
24、经为你打扫了房间。 - - -谢谢。你本不必这么做的。我自己能行。A. neednt do不必做某事;B. shouldnt have done本不应该做某事; C. mustnt do禁止做某事;D. neednt have done本不必做某事。由“Thanks. I could manage it myself”可知,neednt have done“ 本不必做某事,而实际上做了某事”符合句意。故选D项。18Peter searched all the places where he_have left her iPad but it was all in vain.Amight Bwo
25、uld Cmust Dshould【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:彼得找遍了所有他可能放她的iPad的地方,但都没有找到。A. might可能;B. would将会;C. must必须,一定;D. should应该。might have done表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。故选A。19According to the latest rule, people _sort household garbage into four categories.Acan Bshall Cmay Dneed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析
26、。句意:根据最新的规定,人们应该把生活垃圾分成四类。A. can能;B. shall应该;C. may也许;D. need需要。shall用于第二人称表示承诺、命令、警告、威胁的口吻,这里是指法令规定了,因此用shall。故选B。20Every coin has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, _ just be noise to others.Amust Bshould Cmay Dwould【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:任何事物都有两面性。美丽的歌曲,有时候,对别人来说也许是噪音。A. must一定,表示肯定推测;B. shou
27、ld应该;C. may也许,可能;D. would将会,表示对将来的推测。分析句子可知,此处应该表示可能的推测,“美丽的歌曲,有时候,对别人来说也许是噪音。”。结合选项,故选C。21Peter, you delivered a wonderful speech today.Thanks, but I think I _ more attention to my stage manners during that time.Amust pay Bshould payCmust have paid Dshould have paid【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意:
28、-彼得,你今天的演讲很精彩。-谢谢,但我认为在那段时间我应该多注意我的舞台礼仪。should have done表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做某事。由“but”可知,我那段时间本应该多注意我的舞台礼仪,而实际上并没有注意。故选D项。22Whats wrong with the door?The key has got stuck in it and _ come out.Ashouldnt Bmustnt Cneednt Dwont【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意:-门怎么了?-钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldnt不应该;B. mustnt禁止;C. neednt 不需要;
29、D. wont不会。wont表示拒绝时,其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。23Life _ be very hard for people living in the north of Canada as it is very cold there in winter.Yes, the weather there _ be as low as 60 below zero.Amust; can Bshall; must Cwill; should Dhas to; can【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。根据句意:对于生活在加拿大北方的人来说生活肯定很艰难,因为冬天那儿很冷。是的,那儿的天
30、气可能会达到零下60度。must表肯定推测,意为“肯定,一定”,can表客观上的可能性,意为“可能”。根据语境及选项可知,A选项正确。故选A。24Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.Ashould Bneed Cmust Dcan【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货,但是一般不是购物便宜的地方。A. should应该;B. need需要;C. must必须;D. can能。can用在否定句和疑问句中可以表示具体的可能性,用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性,本句中在伦敦可能能买到便宜货就是理论上的可能性,用can表示。故选D。25If you wish, you _ come in and have a cup of tea with us any time.Awould Bshould Cmust Dmay【答案】D【解析】
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