上海高考英语6选4做题技巧讲解教师版.docx

1、上海高考英语6选4做题技巧讲解教师版学科老师辅导讲义 学员编号： 年 级： 高三 课 时 数： 3学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师： 授课主题6选4解题技巧教学目标强化6选4的解题技巧授课日期及时段教学内容课前回顾：1. 课堂笔记的提问2. 考纲词汇的默写3. 错题本上学生错题的整理和回顾知识梳理知识点1：六选四解题思路和技巧讲解通读全文，了解文章大意。 通读答案，找出和文章相对应的关键词。 根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，将选项填入文中。将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。1. 如果问题设在段首（1）通常是段

2、落的主题句认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句（2）与后文是并列，转折，因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。（3）段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2. 如果问题设在段尾（1）.空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。（2.）通常是结论，概括性语句注意在选项中查找表示结果结论，总结等的信号词。There

3、fore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。（3.）与前文是转折或对比关系此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立，对比关系。（4.）与前文是并列或排比关系在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此，根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。（5.）所选答案是引出下一段的内容如果

4、在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来（6.）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。一、 基本技巧一） 做题步骤1 阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后，要阅读五个空各自的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。2 阅读各个选项，尤其是选

5、项的首句，标记关键词3 比较上述两类关键词，确定答案4 将确定的答案代入原文，看读起来是否通顺。二） 判断方法在标记了原文与选项的关键词以后，可以按照下列原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配：1 词汇衔接正确选项中的关键词一般重复前一句的关键词，也与下一句的关键词相呼应。2 逻辑衔接正确选项与原文空之前的句子在逻辑上是连贯的。例如，前一句使用although，那么正确选项的内容应该与之相反。3 代词衔接正确选项中代词之后的关键词一定在原文的前一句谈论过。例如，如果选项中说this reward，而且这一选项是正确答案，那么原文中的空之前的句中一定出现过reward这个词或它的同义词。真题分析 On

6、the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, last approximately $175,000. He had never gambled

7、 before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left .On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track

8、the users gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.(41) _. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m, then went

9、 back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m .Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998, a friend of Williamss got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wro

10、te to inform the casino of Williamss gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the ca

11、sino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) _.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning, “Enjoy the fun and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every en

12、trance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williamss suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43)_.The fourt

13、h edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling ”involves president, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44)_. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is recl

14、assifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders skin to physical disabilities.(45)_.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on - you might say addicted to - revenues from wagering. And

15、 since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers dollars has become intense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual cosines every week, with $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has ,passed

16、pornography as the webs webs most profitable business.(A) Although no such evidence was preserved, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino ad used his Fun Card without being detected.(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compu

17、lsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?(C) By the time he had lost $5,000, he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit, one night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was b

18、roadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy, the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.(E) David Williams suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more

19、behavioral problems, often defining as addiction what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.(G) The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to more against Internet gambling, w

20、hat would be its grounds for doing so?1标记空前后句中的关键词本文以Williams为例，讨论赌博的危害性。各个空前后句的关键词标记如下：41空前：名词词组electronic morphine（电子吗啡，意思是上瘾）；数字20、800。空后：数字21，000等。说明空中要填入的选项可能包含数字，并且描述了赌博上瘾的情况。42名词letter等。说明空中要填入的选项可能包含letter或其同义词。43引号中的关键词：lure, conduct against his will。44关键词：diagnostic, mental disorder, patho

21、logical。说明空中要填入的选项可能涉及与医学有关的行为。45空后句中的关键词：forty-five states。说明空中要填入的选项可能涉及政府行为。而且forty-five states是具体说明，那么它前面的空应该是总论政府的行为。2标记选项中的关键词(A)such evidence, mailings。Such evidence说明空的前一句可能提到过一种evidence（证据），选项中的continued to pepper him with mailings说明空的前一句提到过mailings（写信）一类的东西。(B)luring，will。What luring说明luri

22、ng 或其同义词在前一句出现过。His will说明will或其同义词在前一句出现过。(C)数字5,000；赌博上瘾(did not quit)。说明前一句可能提到数字，而且涉及赌博上瘾的说明。(D)common feature; social policy; government。(E)David Williamss suit；this gambling nation。(F)medicalizing more and more behavioral problems。more and more说明空前已经以医疗方式（medicalizing）处理过类似问题。(G) online gambli

23、ng。3比较两类关键词将7个选项的关键词与5个空的前后句中的关键词进行比较，发现匹配的是：41与C、42与A、43与B、44与F、45与D。4 代入原文将确定的选项代入原文，发现意义上与逻辑上都通顺，因此为正确答案。新题型七选五题型解题技巧： 题型解读：试题模式为：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”新题型六选四其实跟传统题型完形填空有相似之处，完形填空空出的是词，而六选四空出的是句子，但是他们的考察方式都是一样的，只要考

24、生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共通之处。另外，从该题型给出的选项中我们可以发现一些特点：该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。根据这些，我们总结一些关于六选四的做题方法供大家参考。 1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，六选四的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该

25、句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。2、再看空前空后。由于六选四空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。 3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。 4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中

26、或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。 5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，as well as，neither nor，either or，not only.but also，on one hand.on the other hand等。因为

27、这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系六选四的做题技巧和方法：) K3 K, S, n* ?$ A2 d& c0 z0 1.复现是六选四基本的做题方法2.寻找复现词的位置（选项中、空前后） . n& w7 c( P2 u u3.逆序做题) 4.专有名词是重要的做题线索5.引号词或引号句或引号段是重要的做题线索6.注意段首和段尾句的呼应 3 Z$ q* U8 |9 y* 7.数字、年代、时间是天然的排序工具 % R( U+ ( I, m & A, N) w8.代词是最重要的做题线索 9. 冠词也是重要的排序线索3 U; U7 _# y5 D! n

28、9 I& z10.逻辑关系词也是重要的做题线索 并列关系：and or also 例：C）and he is my friend 巩固练习(二)On a typical hot August day in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, Zeng Demei, a retired worker in his seventies, hurries down a busy streetIn his hand is a black leather bagZeng opens his bag, taking out two forms 1_. Each of the

29、forms contains detailed information of a studentOn his arrival two hours later a woman greets him and leads him to her office where another man is waitingThey are the two village officialsThey inspect the forms handed to them by Zeng and immediately recognize the girls 2 _ ? Its a pity but it doesnt

30、 matter says Zeng, who wastes no time in deciding to look for the remaining child, Su Qiuju After half an hour, they stop outside a small house made of mud brickA middle-aged man and a girl in a faded pink dress greet themSu Qiuju is eight years oldShe was forced to drop out of school after both her

31、 parents diedShe is now living with her uncle who cannot afford his own childrens educationHowever, the year of education Su Qiuju did complete was a successful one 3 _ When they are about to leave, Zeng says, I must find a supporter for this girl to sponsor her education Zeng has made it his retirement task to help children complete their schoolingBack in 1999, Zeng took part in a campaign started by the local womens organization to h